Display omitted Polyurethane (PU) microcapsules containing BMImPF6 as a lubricant have been fabricated by interfacial polymerization. The stabilizing effect of 10 kinds of emulsifiers towards BMImPF6 ionic liquid have been delineated. A Pickering emulsion stabilized by lignin showed the best emulsification effect on highly viscous BMImPF6. The types and reactivities of monomers have an important influence on the formation of microcapsules. Three kinds of isocyanate (IPDI, MDI, TDI) were reacted with diamines or diols to prepare the PU microcapsules in this work. The optiaml BMImPF6@PU microcapsules were obtained when using IPDI and TETA as monomers, under conditions of 5,000 rpm emulsifying rate, 0.5 wt% concentration of lignin Pickering emulsion, and a 3:1 mass ratio of BMImPF6/IPDI. The synthesized microcapsules have a regular and compact spherical structure, smooth outer, and inner surfaces with a mean diameter of 43 ± 15 µm, and a thickness of 3.8 µm. The core content of BMImPF6@PU microcapsules was determined as >70%, and the initial decomposition temperature was 300 °C. The BMImPF6 ionic liquid shown excellent lubricating property, ultralow friction coefficient (decreased by 72.7%) and wear rate (decreased by 160 times) were obtained by embedding 30 wt% microcapsules into epoxy compared with pure epoxy.