In this study, the effect of biodiesel obtained from animal fats (AFBD) and vegetable biodiesel (VEBD) which is obtained from canola, safflower and waste vegetable oils by transesterification method on the performance and emissions of an air cooling, four stroke, single cylinder and direct injection compression ignition engine were investigated experimentally. In the experiments, five different fuels were used as D100 (0% Biodiesel + 100% Diesel), AFBD100 (0% Diesel + 100% Animal Biodiesel), VEBD100 (0% Diesel + 100% Vegetable Biodiesel), VEBD50 (50% Diesel + 50% Vegetable Biodiesel) and AFBD50 (50% Diesel + 50% Animal Biodiesel). As a result of the experiments, it has been determined that with the use of AFBD100 and VEBD100 fuels, the brake thermal efficiency (BTHE) value decreased while the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increased. When analyzed in terms of exhaust emission results, the reduction of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and smoke emissions compared to D100 was determined by the use of AFBD100 and VEBD100 fuels, while an increase in nitrogen oxide (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions occurred. When the graphs obtained from AFBD and VEBD fuels are examined, it is clearly seen that VEBD-containing fuel mixtures give better results in terms of both performance and emissions. Finally, if VEBD-containing fuels are compared within themselves, the VEBD50 is better in terms of performance, while VEBD100 has given better results in terms of emissions.