Uvod : Astma je kronična upala dišnih putova. Uzroci su alergije, virusne respiratorne infekcije i nadražujuće tvari iz zraka. Broj oboljelih povećava se, a pritom prednjače djeca. Ishrana majke tijekom trudnoće te ishrana djeteta u prvoj godini života imaju važan utjecaj na razvoj i tijek bolesti. Metode : Upotrijebljena je narativna analiza, pregled stručne i znanstvene literature. Pretraživanje literature temeljilo se na istraživačkom pitanju Kako ishrana u ranom djetinjstvu utječe na rizik za razvoj astme i alergijskih bolesti?. Rezultati : Analizom stručne literature utvrđeno je da ishrana majke ima važnu ulogu pri razvoju astme i alergijskih bolesti kod djece. Dokazi upućuju na to da je pravilno uravnotežena i raznolika ishrana važna za djetetovo zdravlje te da smanjuje rizik od nastajanja bolesti. Stručnjaci tijekom trudnoće ne preporučuju izbjegavanje određenih namirnica kao što su kikiriki, orasi i školjke, osim u slučaju ako je majka alergična na njih. Rasprava i zaključak : Zbog povećane učestalosti astme i alergijskih bolesti, osobito kod djece, potrebno je istaknuti važnost i utjecaj raznolike ishrane tijekom trudnoće te dojenja tijekom prvih šest mjeseci djetetova života. Različite dijete tijekom i nakon trudnoće te tijekom dojenja nisu se pokazale učinkovitima u sprječavanju razvoja astme i alergijskih bolesti kod djece. Introduction: Asthma is a chronic inflammation of the respiratory tract. Allergies, virus infections of the respiratory tract and other stimulus particles in the air are the causes of asthma. The number of the patients with asthma and allergic diseases are increasing very rapidly, especially children. Mother’s diet during pregnancy and child’s diet in the first year of age have an important influence on the development of the disease. Methods: We used a narrative review of the professional and scientific literature. The literature search was based on the research question: How does early childhood nutrition affect the risk of developing asthma and allergic diseases? Results: By analyzing professional literature, it is established that the mother’s diet plays an important role in developing asthma in children. Evidence shows that balanced nutrients in the fetal period and food in the first years of life are very important for the health of children. Experts do not recommend avoiding certain food during the pregnancy, like peanuts, nuts and shellfish, because it does not increase the chance of developing childhood allergies. Discussion and conclusion: Due to the increased incidence of asthma and allergic diseases, especially in children, we emphasize the importance and impact of diverse nutrition during pregnancy and full breastfeeding of children for the first six months of their life. Diet restrictions during pregnancy and, later, during breastfeeding are not effective in preventing the development of childhood allergies