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  • Crystallization of Superfas...
    Lissenberg, C. Johan; Condon, Daniel J.; Smye, Andrew J.; Anma, Ryo

    Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems : G3, October 2023, 2023-10-00, 20231001, 2023-10-01, Letnik: 24, Številka: 10
    Journal Article

    Studies of oceanic crust, which covers a large proportion of the Earth's surface, have provided significant insight into the dynamics of crustal accretion processes at mid‐ocean ridges. It is now recognized that the nature of oceanic crust varies fundamentally as a function of spreading rate. Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Hole 1256D (eastern Pacific Ocean) was drilled into the crust formed at a superfast spreading rate, and hence represents a crustal end member. Drilling recovered a section through lava and sheeted dykes and into the plutonic sequence, the study of which has yielded abundant insight into magmatic and hydrothermal processes operating at high spreading rates. Here, we present zircon U‐Pb dates for Hole 1256D, which constrain the age of the section, as well as the duration of crustal accretion. We find that the main pulse of zircon crystallization within plutonic rocks occurred at 15.19 Ma, consistent with magnetic anomalies, and lasted tens of thousands of years. During this episode, the main plutonic body intruded, and partial melts of the base of the sheeted dykes crystallized. One sample appears to postdate this episode by up to 0.25 Myr, and may be an off‐axis intrusion. Overall, the duration of crustal accretion was tens to several hundreds of thousands of years, similar to that found at the fast‐spreading East Pacific Rise and the slow‐spreading Mid‐Atlantic Ridge. This indicates that crustal accretion along slow‐ to superfast‐spreading ridges occurs over similar time scales, with substantially longer periods of accretion occurring at ultraslow‐spreading ridges characterized by thick lithosphere. Plain Language Summary The oceanic crust paves approximately 2/3 of the Earth's surface. It is formed at mid‐ocean ridges, where tectonic plates separate and new crust is formed by the solidification of magma. This magma is formed by partial melting of the upper mantle beneath the ridge axis. Plates spread at different rates at different mid‐ocean ridges, and the fastest‐known spreading occurred some 11–18 million years ago in the eastern Equatorial Pacific. A section of the crust formed during this episode of superfast‐spreading was recovered by scientific drilling in the framework of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP). This study presents age data that determine when this section of superfast‐spreading crust formed, and how long it took to build the crust. We find that the age of the section is 15.19 Ma, and that crustal formation lasted between tens and several hundreds of thousands of years. This duration is similar to that found at mid‐ocean ridges with slow‐ to fast‐spreading rates, such as the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge and East Pacific Rise. However, it is much shorter than the formation of crust at ultraslow‐spreading ridges, where the cool and thick nature of the lithosphere leads to prolonged episodes of crustal formation. Key Points The main pulse of crystallization of superfast‐spreading crust at Hole 1256D occurred at 15.19 Ma Crustal accretion lasted between tens and several hundreds of thousands of years Crustal accretion along slow‐ to superfast‐spreading ridges occurs over similar time scales