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Pugliese, N.; Circella, E.; Marino, M.; De Virgilio, C.; Cocciolo, G.; Lozito, P.; Cafiero, M. A.; Camarda, A.
Medical and veterinary entomology, March 2019, Letnik: 33, Številka: 1Journal Article
Dermanyssus gallinae (Mesostigmata: Dermanyssidae, De Geer, 1778) is an ectoparasite of poultry, suspected to play a role as a vector of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ser. Gallinarum. Despite an association between them being reported, the actual dynamics in field remain unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to confirm the interactions among mites, pathogen and chickens. The study was carried out in an industrial poultry farm infested by D. gallinae, during an outbreak of fowl typhoid. The presence of S. Gallinarum in mites was assessed and quantified by a semi‐nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real‐time PCR, respectively, in mites collected during two subsequent productive cycles and the sanitary break. The anti‐group D Salmonella antibodies were quantified by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. During the outbreak and the sanitary break, S. Gallinarum was constantly present in mites. In the second cycle, scattered positivity was observed, although hens did not exhibit signs of fowl typhoid, as a result of the vaccination with BIO‐VAC SGP695 (Fatro, Ozzano Emilia Bo, Italy). The data strongly suggest that D. gallinae acts as reservoir of S. Gallinarum, thus allowing the pathogen to persist in farms. Furthermore, the present study has highlighted the interactions among D. gallinae, S. Gallinarum and hens with respect to enhancing the mite‐mediated circulation of S. Gallinarum in an infested poultry farm. The association between Dermanyssus gallinae and Samonella enterica subsp. enterica ser. Gallinarum has been confirmed in the field during a fowl typhoid outbreak in an infested industrial poultry farm. The infection rate of Dermanyssus gallinae and the microbial load in mites were numerically related to the circulation of Salmonella Gallinarum in the flock. Preventive measures, such as a proper vaccination programme, may prevent the infection and the common reinfection of the new flocks after the sanitary break.
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