Effective nursing interventions for caring for patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury are still challenging during a transition from hospital to home. Since traumatic brain injury has deep-rooted sequelae, patients and their caregivers require better arrangement and information on the condition to achieve improved outcomes after discharge. This study aimed to assess transitional care programs to improve outcomes of patients with traumatic brain injury and their caregivers. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed on studies retrieved from ProQuest, PubMed, Science Direct, CINAHL, and Google Scholar from January 2010 to July 2021. RevMan 5.4.1 software was used for meta-analysis. Nine studies were systematically selected from 1,137 studies. The standard approaches of interventions used in patients with traumatic brain injury and their caregivers were education, mentored problem-solving, home-and community-based rehabilitation, counseling, skill-building, and psychological support. We observed that there was significant evidence indicating beneficial effects of intervention in increasing the physical functioning of patients with traumatic brain injury ( = -0.44, 95% -0.60 to -0.28, <0.001), reducing the psychological symptoms among caregivers ( = -0.42, 95% -0.59 to -0.24, <0.001), and increasing the satisfaction ( = -0.35, 95% -0.60 to -0.11, = 0.005). Education, skill-building, and psychological support should be the main components in transitional care nursing programs for patients with traumatic brain injury and their caregivers.