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  • Inhibition of FGF‐FGFR and ...
    Liu, Guihong; Chen, Tao; Ding, Zhenyu; Wang, Yang; Wei, Yuquan; Wei, Xiawei

    Cell proliferation, April 2021, Letnik: 54, Številka: 4
    Journal Article

    The sites of targeted therapy are limited and need to be expanded. The FGF‐FGFR signalling plays pivotal roles in the oncogenic process, and FGF/FGFR inhibitors are a promising method to treat FGFR‐altered tumours. The VEGF‐VEGFR signalling is the most crucial pathway to induce angiogenesis, and inhibiting this cascade has already got success in treating tumours. While both their efficacy and antitumour spectrum are limited, combining FGF/FGFR inhibitors with VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors are an excellent way to optimize the curative effect and expand the antitumour range because their combination can target both tumour cells and the tumour microenvironment. In addition, biomarkers need to be developed to predict the efficacy, and combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors is a promising direction in the future. The article will discuss the FGF‐FGFR signalling pathway, the VEGF‐VEGFR signalling pathway, the rationale of combining these two signalling pathways and recent small‐molecule FGFR/VEGFR inhibitors based on clinical trials. Targeted therapies interfering with oncogenic driver alterations have achieved remarkable success in limited types of cancer with certain driver gene alterations (Nat Rev Clin Oncol, 2017; Lancet Oncol, 2018; Jama, 2019; Lancet, 2017). Novel therapeutics targeting other cancer driver alterations are urgently needed to be developed to improve the life quantity of the patients and prolong their life span. The FGF‐FGFR signalling plays pivotal roles in both the physiological and oncogenic processes (Nat Rev Clin Oncol, 2019), but FGFRs are constitutively active in malignant cells because of the upregulation of FGF and FGFR genetic alterations (Nat Rev Clin Oncol, 2019). Targeting FGF‐FGFR signalling is a promising method to treat FGFR‐altered tumours (New Engl J Med, 2019; Lancet Oncol, 2020), but patients receive limited effects by targeting only the FGF‐FGFR pathway in most clinical practice (Nat Rev Cancer, 2017; Eur J Med Chem, 2020). VEGF‐VEGFR signalling pathway also attracts our attention. The growth of tumours relies on blood supply and VEGFs are proved to be the most important angiogenic factors (Nat Rev Drug Discov, 2016). Accordingly, inhibition of the VEGF‐VEGFR signalling pathway is believed to suppress tumour development (New Engl J Med, 1971). Here we propose the simultaneous inhibition of the FGF‐FGFR pathway and VEGF‐VEGFR pathway. In terms of mechanism, the combination can target tumour cells and tumour microenvironment at the same time (Clin Cancer Res, 2019). FGFR/VEGFR inhibitors have better effects and broaden the indications in clinical use (Nat Commun, 2020; JAMA Oncol, 2018; The Lancet Oncology, 2020).