Psychological research with transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) people is a relatively new field with great promise to advance our understanding of this population's needs and develop, implement, and evaluate corresponding interventions to reduce their health disparities and promote psychosocial adjustment, mental health, and well-being. After a brief review of the history of research with TGNC people, this article discusses several issues to ensure that research with this population is culturally competent and meaningful. This includes issues to consider for participant recruitment, data collection, working with institutional review boards, and distribution of research findings. We conclude with a discussion of gaps in the literature and corresponding opportunities for future psychological research with TGNC people.