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  • A Continuous Flow Boiling C...
    Hartwig, Jason; Ganesan, Vishwanath; Johnson, Andrew; Kim, Sunjae; Mudawar, Issam; LeClair, Andre; Tesny, Erin; Baldwin, Michael; Majumdar, Alok; Mercado, Mariano

    Applied thermal engineering, 07/2024, Letnik: 248
    Journal Article

    •Overview of new universal cryogenic flow boiling and pressure drop correlations is presented.•Logic for patching the individual boiling correlations is presented.•Numerical model is presented for solving steady state cryogenic flow boiling wall temperature.•Example cases are given for heat flux or temperature-drive boundary conditions. To enable the design of future in-space cryogenic propellant vehicles such as Lunar and Martian ascent and descent stages, fuel depots, and nuclear thermal propulsion systems, high-accuracy models of various phases of the propellant transfer process are required. This paper focuses on modeling steady-state flow boiling through the transfer line that connects a propellant tank to an engine or customer receiver tank, which is required to set limits on the allowable heat flux into the line. Using the largest-ever collection of available cryogenic heated tube data, universal cryogenic flow boiling correlations were recently developed for various regimes of the boiling curve and their transition points. However, to model flow boiling in heated tubes, these individual correlations must be patched together to provide a continuous predictive curve of wall superheat as a function of preponderant parameters. This paper provides an overview of the individual flow boiling correlations along with the logic and rationale for patching the correlations together to produce a single continuous boiling curve. Resulting flow boiling curves are presented for different possible permutations of independent inlet and flow conditions for illustration.