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  • Geopolitika straha u Hrvatskoj
    Zorko, Marta; Lučev, Josip

    Anali Hrvatskog politološkog društva, 2023, Letnik: 20, Številka: 1
    Journal Article, Paper

    Turizam u doba pandemija postaje gotovo nemoguća djelatnost. S jedne strane, pojedinci ne putuju zbog straha, dok s druge strane države koriste mehanizme obrane poput zatvaranja granica i onemogućavanja kretanja. Takvi mehanizmi imaju geografska obilježja i geopolitički utemeljene posljedice pa geografski faktor postaje važan, a geopolitička analiza neizbježna. Zatvaranje granica u pandemiji imalo je dvostruk negativan efekt. Prvi se negativan efekt odnosi na potencijalno kršenje ljudskih prava u vidu ograničavanja prava na kretanje. U razmatranom slučaju, širenje virusa nije zaustavljeno – zaustavljeno je kretanje građana. Drugi negativan efekt odnosi se na potencijalne gubitke u gospodarstvu. U ovom slučaju zatvaranje granica utjecalo je na gospodarstvo na dva načina: prekidanjem transporta i opskrbe te zaustavljanjem turističke djelatnosti. U fokusu ovog istraživanja su mehanizmi obilježavanja prostora sigurnim odnosno nesigurnim i s time povezana geopolitika straha, koji su, uz mehanizme zatvaranja granica, ostavili trag na turizam u Hrvatskoj za vrijeme pandemije COVID-19. Analiza mjera vezanih uz zatvaranje granica te usporedna analiza podataka i noćenja u 2020. i 2021. godini ukazuju na uzorke kretanja za vrijeme pandemije, ali i potencijalne posljedice po turizam uz važnost geografskog faktora. Rad kroz promišljanja o propusnosti granica na primjeru Hrvatske i Slovenije ukazuje na tri isprepletene strategije definiranja pandemijskog prostora – zatvaranje države u obrnutu karantenu, širenje sigurnogprostora i definiranje nesigurnog prostora na koji se primjenjuje klasična karantena. Tourism becomes an almost impossible activity in the age of pandemics. On the one hand, individuals do not travel due to fear, while on the other hand, states use defense mechanisms such as closing borders and preventing movement. Such mechanisms have geographical characteristics and geopolitically based consequences, so the geographical factor becomes important, and geopolitical analysis inevitable. The closing of borders in the pandemic had a doubly negative effect. The first negative effect refers to the potential violation of human rights in terms of restricting the right to movement. In the considered case, the spread of the virus was not stopped – the movement of citizens was. Another negative effect refers to potential losses in the economy. In this case, the closing of the borders affected the economy in two ways: by interrupting transport and supplies, and by stopping tourist activity. The research is focused on the mechanisms of marking spaces as safe or unsafe and the associated geopolitics of fear, which, along with the mechanisms of border closures, left their mark on tourism in Croatia during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis of measures related to the closure of borders and the comparative analysis of data and overnight stays in 2020 and 2021 point to movement patterns during pandemics, but also to potential consequences for tourism with the importance of the geographical factor. Reflecting on the permeability of borders on the example of Croatia and Slovenia, the article points to three intertwined strategies for defining the pandemic space – closing the country in reverse quarantine, expanding the safe space, and defining the unsafe space to which the classic quarantine is applied.