Recommendations (New Section)258 Aortic Stenosis259 Aortic Stenosis259 Choice of Intervention: Recommendations259 Mitral Regurgitation261 Stages of Chronic MR261 Chronic Primary MR262 Intervention: Recommendations262 Chronic Secondary MR264 Intervention: Recommendations264 Prosthetic Valves265 Evaluation and Selection of Prosthetic Valves265 Intervention: Recommendations265 Antithrombotic Therapy for Prosthetic Valves267 Diagnosis and Follow-Up267 Medical Therapy: Recommendations267 Bridging Therapy for Prosthetic Valves269 Diagnosis and Follow-Up269 Medical Therapy: Recommendations269 Acute Mechanical Prosthetic Valve Thrombosis270 Diagnosis and Follow-Up: Recommendation270 Intervention: Recommendation271 Prosthetic Valve Stenosis271 Intervention: Recommendation272 Prosthetic Valve Regurgitation273 Intervention: Recommendations273 Infective Endocarditis274 Infective Endocarditis274 Intervention: Recommendations274 References276 Appendix 1 Author Relationships With Industry and Other Entities (Relevant)283 Appendix 2 Reviewer Relationships With Industry and Other Entities (Comprehensive)284 Appendix 3 Abbreviations289 Preamble Since 1980, the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and American Heart Association (AHA) have translated scientific evidence into clinical practice guidelines (guidelines) with recommendations to improve cardiovascular health. Criteria for commissioning an ERC and formal systematic review include: a) the absence of a current authoritative systematic review, b) the feasibility of defining the benefit and risk in a time frame consistent with the writing of Vilacosta, Aorto-cavitary fistulous tract formation in infective endocarditis: clinical and echocardiographic features of 76 cases and risk factors for mortality, Eur Heart J, Vol. 26, 2005, 288-297 270 K.L. Chan, Early clinical course and long-term outcome of patients with infective endocarditis complicated by perivalvular abscess, CMAJ, Vol. 167, 2002, 19-24 271 F. Jault, I. Gandjbakhch, J.C. Chastre, Prosthetic valve endocarditis with ring abscesses. Surgical management and long-term results, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, Vol. 105,...