A custom-built steam-based aerosol collector (SBAC) was developed to improve the detection limits in aerosol chemical analysis. The SBAC was coupled with wet chemical analytical instruments to characterize the chemical composition of ambient particulate matter with high-time resolution. The particulate matter was mixed with a jet of steam and formed large droplets because of the supersaturation condition in the cooling chamber. The enlarged droplets were subsequently collected using an inertial aerosol separator and delivered to selected instruments for chemical analysis. Experiments were subsequently conducted to evaluate our custom-built SBAC under various sampling flow rates. In particular, particle growth and particle collection efficiency experiments were conducted, and the SBAC was compared with a filter-based sampler. Sample solutions were collected, extracted, and analyzed to determine the influence of sampling flow rate, particle size, and aerosol chemical concentration on the SBAC's collection efficiency. The SBAC was found to provide data with a higher time resolution, to exhibit an improved detection limit, and to effectively perform aerosol chemical analysis compared with the filter-based samplers, although the effect of flow rate on SBAC performance is complicated and further experiments on this aspect are warranted. This paper contributes to the literature by providing guidelines for designing a SBAC for aerosol chemical analysis.