•Cabernet Sauvignon wine presents similar polysaccharides in different vintages.•Polysaccharides show anti-inflammatory activity.•Polysaccharides attenuate lethality caused by polymicrobial sepsis in mice.•Polysaccharides mixture presents protective effect against lung, liver and kidney injury. Cabernet Sauvignon red wine is produced from Vitis vinifera grapes. The similarity between polysaccharides extracted from commercial Cabernet Sauvignon wines from three vintages and in vivo anti-inflammatory properties were studied in this work. It was demonstrated that the wines have similar polysaccharide patterns even though they were produced in different years. Also, it was investigated the effects of polysaccharide mixture and isolated fractions on the model of polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture in mice. Subcutaneous and oral administration of polysaccharides reduced the mice mortality rate. Treatment reduced leukocyte migration, inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased the IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokine production when compared to the vehicle group. Complementarily, the polysaccharides decreased AST, ALT, bilirubin, urea and creatinine serum levels, with consequent protection against tissue damage. The polysaccharides demonstrated a potent anti-inflammatory effect in the sepsis model, which may indicate beneficial effects of moderate consumption of wine for human health.