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  • Decoupling Interfacial Reac...
    Shitaw, Kassie Nigus; Yang, Sheng‐Chiang; Jiang, Shi‐Kai; Huang, Chen‐Jui; Sahalie, Niguse Aweke; Nikodimos, Yosef; Weldeyohannes, Haile Hisho; Wang, Chia‐Hsin; Wu, She‐Huang; Su, Wei‐Nien; Hwang, Bing Joe

    Advanced functional materials, 02/2021, Letnik: 31, Številka: 6
    Journal Article

    It is essential to decouple the interfacial reactions taking place at the anode and cathode in rechargeable batteries. However, due to the reactive nature of Li, it is challenging to use Li‐metal batteries (LMBs) protocol to decouple the interfacial reactions. The by‐products from the anode or cathode become mixed in Li/NMC111 cells, which make decoupling interfacial reactions difficult. Here, reactions at electrodes are successfully decoupled and demystified using a protocol combining anode‐free LMB (AFLMB) with online electrochemical mass spectroscopy. LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate (EC)/diethyl carbonate (DEC) and EC/ethyl methyl carbonate (1:1 v/v%) electrolytes are used to compare interfacial reactions in Li/NMC111 and Cu/NMC111 cells. In Cu/NMC111, the evolution of CO2, CO, and C2H4 gases at the initial stage of first charging is due to interfacial reactions at Cu surface due to solid–electrolyte‐interphase formation. However, the evolution of CO2 and CO gases at high voltage in the entire cycles is associated with chemical and/or electrochemical electrolyte oxidation at the cathode. This work paves a new concept to decouple interfacial reactions at electrodes for developing electrochemically stable electrolytes to improve the performance with the long‐cycling life of AFLMBs and LMBs. Reductive and oxidative gases evolving at the anode and cathode in Li/NMC111 and Cu/NMC111 are independently studied using a protocol combining EL‐Cell and GC‐MS. Understanding the decoupled interfacial reactions at both electrodes help elucidate the solid–electrolyte‐interphase formation mechanism and develop stable and high‐performance electrolytes.