•Different definitions of power grid resilience are studied and clarified.•Relation of extreme event and extreme impact to power grid resilience are discussed.•Power grid resilience framework is explained.•Existing power grid resilience assessment methodologies and indices are described.•Power grid resilience enhancement strategies are presented. The rise of power outages caused by extreme weather events and the frequency of extreme weather events has motivated the study of grid resilience. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of existing research on the study of grid resilience, which focuses on the point of view of power system engineering with respect to extreme weather events. Firstly, it investigates confounding terminologies used in the study of grid resilience, such as the definitions, the differences with grid reliability, the extreme weather events, and their extreme impact on the power systems. Secondly, it presents a grid resilience framework as a general provision to understand the subjects in the study of grid resilience. Thirdly, it describes several methodologies of grid resilience assessment and some quantitative indices. Finally, various grid resilience enhancement strategies implementations are discussed.