Abstract Objective To investigate the effects of tubal sterilization techniques on the ovarian reserve and serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in rats. Study design Wistar Hannover rats ( n = 21) were assigned to the following 3 groups (7 rats/group): Pomeroy technique, bipolar electrocauterization, and control. Pre- and postoperative serum AMH levels, ovarian damage and ovarian follicle counts were assessed. Results Total ovarian damage was higher in the electrocauterization group than in the Pomeroy ( p = 0.008) and control ( p < 0.0001) groups. The large antral follicle count was higher in the Pomeroy group than in the electrocauterization ( p = 0.023) and control ( p = 0.003) groups. The electrocauterization group had a greater decrease in postoperative serum AMH levels than the Pomeroy and control groups ( p = 0.031). Conclusion Bipolar electrocauterization may have a negative effect on the ovarian structure and ovarian reserve compared to the Pomeroy technique.