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  • BICEP Array: 150 GHz Detect...
    Schillaci, Alessandro; Ade, P. A. R.; Ahmed, Z.; Amiri, M.; Barkats, D.; Basu Thakur, R.; Bischoff, C. A.; Beck, D.; Bock, J. J.; Buza, V.; Cheshire, J.; Connors, J.; Cornelison, J.; Crumrine, M.; Cukierman, A.; Denison, E.; Dierickx, M.; Duband, L.; Eiben, M.; Fatigoni, S.; Filippini, J. P.; Giannakopoulos, C.; Goeckner-Wald, N.; Goldfinger, D.; Grayson, J. A.; Grimes, P.; Hall, G.; Halal, G.; Halpern, M.; Hand, E.; Harrison, S.; Henderson, S.; Hildebrandt, S. R.; Hilton, G. C.; Hubmayr, J.; Hui, H.; Irwin, K. D.; Kang, J.; Karkare, K. S.; Kefeli, S.; Kovac, J. M.; Kuo, C. L.; Lau, K.; Leitch, E. M.; Lennox, A.; Megerian, K. G.; Miller, O. Y.; Minutolo, L.; Moncelsi, L.; Nakato, Y.; Namikawa, T.; Nguyen, H. T.; O’Brient, R.; Palladino, S.; Petroff, M.; Precup, N.; Prouve, T.; Pryke, C.; Racine, B.; Reintsema, C. D.; Schmitt, B. L.; Singari, B.; Soliman, A.; Germaine, T. St; Steinbach, B.; Sudiwala, R. V.; Thompson, K. L.; Tucker, C.; Turner, A. D.; Umiltà, C.; Verges, C.; Vieregg, A. G.; Wandui, A.; Weber, A. C.; Wiebe, D. V.; Willmert, J.; Wu, W. L. K.; Yang, E.; Yoon, K. W.; Young, E.; Yu, C.; Zeng, L.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, S.

    Journal of low temperature physics, 12/2023, Letnik: 213, Številka: 5-6
    Journal Article

    The Background Imaging of Cosmic Extragalactic Polarization (BICEP)/Keck (BK) collaboration is currently leading the quest for the highest-sensitivity measurements of the polarized cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies on a degree scale with a series of cryogenic telescopes, of which BICEP Array (BA) is the latest Stage-3 upgrade with a total of ∼ 32,000 detectors. The instrument comprises 4 receivers spanning 30–270 GHz, with the low-frequency 30/40 GHz deployed to the South Pole Station in late 2019. The full complement of receivers is forecast to set the most stringent constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio r . Building on these advances, the overarching small-aperture telescope concept is already being used as the reference for further Stage-4 experiment design. This paper describes the development of the BICEP Array 150 GHz detector module and its fabrication requirements, with highlights on the high-density time division multiplexing (TDM) design of the cryogenic circuit boards. The low-impedance wiring required between the detectors and the first stage of superconducting quantum interference device amplifiers is crucial to maintaining a stable bias current on the detectors. A novel multi-layer FR4 Printed Circuit Board with superconducting traces, capable of reading out up to 648 detectors, is detailed along with its validation tests. An ultra-high-density TDM detector module concept we developed for a CMB-S4-like experiment that allows up to 1920 detectors to be read out is also presented. TDM has been chosen as the detector readout technology for the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage-4 (CMB-S4) experiment based on its proven low-noise performance, predictable costs, and overall maturity of the architecture. The heritage for TDM is rooted in mm- and sub-mm-wave experiments dating back 20 years and has since evolved to support a multiplexing factor of 64x in Stage-3 experiments.