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  • Multilevel and kin selectio...
    Wade, Michael J; Wilson, David S; Goodnight, Charles; Taylor, Doug; Bar-Yam, Yaneer; de Aguiar, Marcus A M; Stacey, Blake; Werfel, Justin; Hoelzer, Guy A; Brodie, Edmund D; Fields, Peter; Breden, Felix; Linksvayer, Timothy A; Fletcher, Jeffrey A; Richerson, Peter J; Bever, James D; Van Dyken, J David; Zee, Peter; Wild, Geoff; Gardner, Andy; West, Stuart A

    Nature (London), 02/2010, Letnik: 463, Številka: 7283
    Journal Article

    In which b(z) is parasite transmissibility, z is parasite virulence, dp is the rate at which parasite offspring 'disperse' to new, randomly chosen patches, i is the number of uninfected hosts, j is the number of infected hosts, class (k, l) is a patch with k uninfected hosts and l infected hosts,r(k,l) is the relatedness between two different parasites on the same class-(k, l) patch, v(k, l) is the reproductive value of a class- (k, l) parasite, and prime denotes differentiation. ... the reduction in optimal virulence does not seem to be the simple "individual-level adaptation" that the authors claim1. ... they suggest that models of meiotic drive could also be used to define individual-level adaptation out of existence2.