Highly sensitive and selective chemical sensors are needed for use in a wide range of applications such as environmental toxic gas monitoring, disease diagnosis, and food quality control. Although some chemiresistive sensors have been commercialized, grand challenges still remain: ppb-level sensitivity, accurate cross-selectivity, and long-term stability. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with record-breaking surface areas and ultrahigh porosity are ideal sensing materials because chemical sensors rely highly on surface reactions. In addition, MOFs can be used as a membrane to utilize their unique gas adsorption and separation characteristics. Furthermore, the use of MOFs as precursors to enable facile production of various nanostructures is further combined with other functional materials. Based on these fascinating features of MOFs, there have been great efforts to elucidate reaction mechanisms and address limitations in MOF-based chemiresistors. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview and recent progress in chemiresistive sensors developed by using pure MOFs, MOF membranes, and MOF derivatives. Display omitted Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted much attention in diverse research communities because of their ultrahigh surface areas, high porosity, and tunable structures. In particular, MOFs are considered one of the most ideal sensing materials since chemical sensing properties are mainly influenced by surface reactions. Recently, the use of MOFs in chemiresistive sensors that transduce electrical signals from surface reactions has rapidly emerged. The development of conductive MOFs has fueled the use of pure MOFs as a new class of chemiresistors. MOFs with unique gas adsorption and separation properties also enable their use in gas sensors as selective filtration layers. In addition, as sacrificial templates, MOFs can be converted to various types of gas-sensitive nanomaterials such as carbon composites and metal oxides via controlled pyrolysis or calcination. In this review, we summarize the latest studies on MOF-based chemiresistive sensors and suggest future research directions. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have rapidly emerged in the field of chemiresistive sensors because of their ultrahigh surface area with high porosity, unique gas adsorption and separation properties, and ability to serve as sacrificial templates to produce various nanomaterials. In this review, we summarize a comprehensive overview and recent studies on MOFs for chemiresistive sensors, including pure MOFs, MOF membranes, and MOF derivatives.