The performance of attitude stabilization control algorithms for rigid spacecraft can be limited by disturbances. In this paper, the global finite-time attitude stabilization problem with disturbances is investigated and handled by constructing a second-order sliding mode controller. Firstly, a virtual controller based on set stabilization idea is constructed to globally finite-time stabilize the system. Then, a relay polynomial second-order sliding mode controller is constructed to guarantee that the tracking error toward the virtual controller will converge to zero in finite-time. Finite-time Lyapunov theory is applied to support the proof and stability analysis. The global finite-time stability holds even with bounded disturbances. The effectiveness and feasibility of the controller are illustrated by the numerical simulations.