•A fast prediction method of temperature for two-phase flow and solids is proposed.•The accuracy of the novel joint algorithm is verified by a full flight profile.•The algorithm has good robustness under variable boundary conditions.•The computational efficiency is about 160 times faster than traditional algorithms. In order to accelerate the temperature field calculation of fuel and tank wall protective materials, we propose a node-solid joint simulation method based on heat flow correction, in which the gas–liquid is used as a node for joint CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) calculation of the solid temperature field. Based on this method, we constructed a transient thermal analysis model of the fuel tank and performed a gas–liquid–solid conjugate heat transfer tight coupling simulation to obtain the wall heat transfer coefficient and the corrected heat flux under the specified thermal boundary conditions. The results show that the maximum relative errors of the average temperature of the gas–liquid node and the temperature field of the tank wall are less than 0.2 % and 6 %, respectively, and the calculation efficiency is about 160 times that of the traditional tight coupling calculation. When the solid boundary temperature is reduced by 200 K and increased by 500 K, the maximum relative error between the average temperature of the gas–liquid node and the solid temperature is less than 7 %. The algorithm has good robustness and accelerates the iterative design of the fuel tank. The accuracy of the algorithm was verified by the fuel temperature test experiment of the full flight profile.