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  • High-resolution transmissio...
    Stangret, M.; Casasayas-Barris, N.; Pallé, E.; Orell-Miquel, J.; Morello, G.; Luque, R.; Nowak, G.; Yan, F.

    Astronomy and astrophysics (Berlin), 06/2022, Letnik: 662
    Journal Article

    Ultra-hot jupiters (UHJs) are giant planets on short orbital periods with high equilibrium temperature ( T eq ) values. Their hot, extended atmospheres are perfect laboratories for transmission spectroscopy studies based on high-resolution spectrographs. In recent years, a variety of atoms and molecules were found in their atmospheres, using different methods such as cross-correlation or transmission and emission spectroscopy. Here, we present the studies of six ultra-hot Jupiters: HAT-P-57b, KELT-7b, KELT-17b, KELT-21b, MASCARA-1b, and WASP-189b, based on high-resolution observations obtained with HARPS-N and HARPS spectrographs. By applying line and cross-correlation transmission spectroscopy methods, we searched for the absorption features of a broad range of atomic and molecular species. We did not detect any absorption features in our sample of UHJs, with the exception of WASP-189b, for which we detected Fe  I , Fe  II , and Ti  I using cross-correlation. The transmission spectroscopy of single lines for WASP-189b revealed several absorption features (including H α , H β, and Ca H&K), but they remain tentative pending a better modeling of the gravity darkening deformation of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect. The non-detections with regard to the rest of the planets can be explained via a combination of stellar pulsations and the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect, which mask possible planetary signals for most of the planets, and by the low signal-to-noise ratios of the observations for KELT-21b. Here, we compare our results with the known population of planets for which atmospheric detections have been reported in the literature. We find that the empirical frontier between hot and ultra-hot planets, based on the detection of atomic and ionized species in their atmospheres, can be established as T eq = 2150 K.