A driver of a vehicle is a main part of “driver – automobile – road – environment” (DARE) system, sustainable functioning of which determines the effectivity and safety of the road traffic. The driver as an operatof of DARE system gets most of the information from the road, scilicet from moving and stationery objects on it, traffic signs, traffic lights, condition of the surface and traffic environment. Analysis of the majority of road accidents demonstrates that the weakest part of human-machine DARE system limiting its efficency and reliability is a human. To provide necessary reliability and safety the driver of any vehicle has to be cautious. It is maintained by the appropriate psychophysiological condition which is in turn affected by many factors. In the article the analysis of research works considering the effect of different factors on the vehicle driver’s reliability is presented. The means and methods of research conducting are described. The recomendations on constructing the stand for research of the effect of driver’s psychophysiological condition on road traffic safety are given.