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  • Saturn’s aurora observed by...
    Dyudina, Ulyana A.; Ingersoll, Andrew P.; Ewald, Shawn P.; Wellington, Danika

    Icarus (New York, N.Y. 1962), 01/2016, Letnik: 263
    Journal Article

    •Cassini spacecraft images detected Saturn’s visible-light aurora.•The altitudes of aurora are up to 1500km above the horizon.•The color of the aurora changes with height from pink to purple.•The aurora corotates with Saturn at changing period of 10.65–10.8±0.15h.•Auroral oval brightens in an interval of about 1h. The first observations of Saturn’s visible-wavelength aurora were made by the Cassini camera. The aurora was observed between 2006 and 2013 in the northern and southern hemispheres. The color of the aurora changes from pink at a few hundred km above the horizon to purple at 1000–1500km above the horizon. The spectrum observed in 9 filters spanning wavelengths from 250nm to 1000nm has a prominent H-alpha line and roughly agrees with laboratory simulated auroras. Auroras in both hemispheres vary dramatically with longitude. Auroras form bright arcs between 70° and 80° latitude north and between 65° and 80° latitude south, which sometimes spiral around the pole, and sometimes form double arcs. A large 10,000-km-scale longitudinal brightness structure persists for more than 100h. This structure rotates approximately together with Saturn. On top of the large steady structure, the auroras brighten suddenly on the timescales of a few minutes. These brightenings repeat with a period of ∼1h. Smaller, 1000-km-scale structures may move faster or lag behind Saturn’s rotation on timescales of tens of minutes. The persistence of nearly-corotating large bright longitudinal structure in the auroral oval seen in two movies spanning 8 and 11 rotations gives an estimate on the period of 10.65±0.15h for 2009 in the northern oval and 10.8±0.1h for 2012 in the southern oval. The 2009 north aurora period is close to the north branch of Saturn Kilometric Radiation (SKR) detected at that time.