Energy is an important material basis for people’s life and production, as well as one of the important input factors for economic development. The relationship between the two plays a direct role in the energy consumption policy of a certain region. In addition, the long-term energy consumption structure dominated by oil and natural gas has brought certain adverse effects on the living environment on which we depend. Therefore, it has certain research value and significance to explore the role of energy consumption on economic growth. This study analyzes the concepts and definitions of energy and theoretical models of regional economic growth. It also adopts the economic methods of cluster division and correlation analysis to study the dynamic relationship between economic growth and energy consumption in different regions. The experimental data show that there is not only an extremely significant mutual influence relationship between them, but also the differences in each region are also very obvious. This is mainly manifested in the fact that the economic growth of the three regions (economically developed region, fast-developing region, and steady-slow development region) can stimulate energy consumption, that is, it is a one-way causal relationship. Among them, the economic growth in the economically developed areas does not promote energy consumption so clearly. It even lags other areas at times. In economically developed regions, the correlation between energy consumption and economic growth is lower than 0.2. In the economic development zone, the correlation coefficient reached 0.8.