Incidence and banding patterns of virus-like dsRNA elements in 215 Chinese genetically diverse Lentinula edodes strains collected from wide geographic distribution (or producing areas) were first investigated, and 17 viruses were identified including eight novel viruses. The results revealed a 63.3% incidence of dsRNA elements in the cultivated strains and a 67.2% incidence in the wild strains. A total of 10 distinguishable dsRNAs ranging from 0.6 to 12 kbp and 12 different dsRNA patterns were detected in the positive strains. The molecular information of these dsRNA elements was characterized, and the molecular information of the other 12 different viral sequences with (+) ssRNA genome was revealed in four L. edodes strains with complex dsRNA banding patterns. RT-PCR was also done to verify the five dsRNA viruses and 12 (+) ssRNA ones. The results presented may enrich our understanding of L. edodes virus diversity, and will promote further research on virus-host interactions. Viral infections involve complicated interactions including benign, harmful or possibly beneficial to hosts. Sometimes environment could lead to a transition in lifestyles from persistent to acute, resulting in a disease phenotype. The quality of spawn, such as the vulnerability to infection of viruses, is therefore important for mushroom production. Lentinula edodes, a wood rot basidiomycete fungus, was widely cultivated in the world for its edible and medicinal properties. In this study, the profile of dsRNA elements from Chinese genetically diverse L. edodes strains collected from wide geographic distribution or producing areas was first investigated. The molecular information of the dsRNA elements was characterized. Additionally, 12 different viral sequences with (+) ssRNA genome from four L. edodes strains with complex dsRNA banding patterns were identified. The results presented here will broaden our knowledge about mushroom viruses, and promote further studies of L. edodes production and the interaction between viruses and L. edodes. •The incidence and banding patterns of dsRNAs in L. edodes germplasm were firstly investigated.•A total of 17 viruses including eight novel ones in L. edodes were identified.•The relationship between dsRNA profiles and the geographical distribution was evaluated.