We investigate the flavor dependence of jet quenching, by performing a systematic analysis of medium modifications on the inclusive jet, γ+jet, and b-jet in Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC. Our results from MadGraph+PYTHIA exhibit excellent agreement with experimental measurements of the inclusive jet, γ+jet and b-jet simultaneously in p+p collisions. We then utilize a Bayesian data-driven method to extract systematically the flavor-dependent jet energy loss distributions from experimental data, where the gluon, light quark and b-quark initiated energy loss distributions are well constrained and satisfy the predicted flavor hierarchy of jet quenching, i.e. 〈ΔEg〉>〈ΔEq〉>〈ΔEb〉. It is shown that the quark-initiated jet energy loss distribution shows weaker centrality and pT dependence than the gluon-initiated one. We demonstrate the impacts of the slope of initial spectra, color-charge as well as parton mass dependent jet energy attenuation on the γ/b-jet suppression observed in heavy-ion collisions.