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Yabe, John; Nakayama, Shouta M.M.; Ikenaka, Yoshinori; Yohannes, Yared B.; Bortey-Sam, Nesta; Kabalo, Abel Nketani; Ntapisha, John; Mizukawa, Hazuki; Umemura, Takashi; Ishizuka, Mayumi
Chemosphere (Oxford), 07/2018, Letnik: 202Journal Article
Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are toxic metals that exist ubiquitously in the environment. Children in polluted areas are particularly vulnerable to metal exposure, where clinical signs and symptoms could be nonspecific. Absorbed metals are excreted primarily in urine and reflect exposure from all sources. We analyzed Pb and Cd concentrations in blood, feces and urine of children from polluted townships near a lead-zinc mine in Kabwe, Zambia, to determine concurrent childhood exposure to the metals. Moreover, the study determined the Pb and Cd relationships among urine, feces and blood as well as accessed the potential of urine and fecal analysis for biomonitoring of Pb and Cd exposure in children. Fecal Pb (up to 2252 mg/kg, dry weight) and urine Pb (up to 2914 μg/L) were extremely high. Concentrations of Cd in blood (Cd-B) of up to 7.7 μg/L, fecal (up to 4.49 mg/kg, dry weight) and urine (up to 18.1 μg/L) samples were elevated. metal levels were higher in younger children (0–3 years old) than older children (4–7). Positive correlations were recorded for Pb and Cd among blood, urine and fecal samples whereas negative correlations were recorded with age. These findings indicate children are exposed to both metals at their current home environment. Moreover, urine and feces could be useful for biomonitoring of metals due to their strong relationships with blood levels. There is need to conduct a clinical evaluation of the affected children to fully appreciate the health impact of these metal exposure. •We measured lead and cadmium excretion levels in children near a Pb-Zn mine in Zambia.•Fecal and urine Pb levels up to 2252 mg/kg and 2914 μg/L, respectively, were very high.•Cd in fecal (up to 4.49 mg/kg) and urine (up to 18.1 μg/L) samples were elevated.•Positive correlations were observed between fecal and urinary levels of Pb and Cd.•Children living near the Pb-Zn mine are at serious risks of Pb and Cd poisoning.
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