•Effective thermal conductivity of the Li2TiO3 pebble bed was strongly dependent on a kind of atmospheric gases.•Effective thermal conductivity of the Li2TiO3 pebble bed was not significantly changed by the hydrogen concentration ratio in helium atmosphere within a range of less than 1.0 wt.%.•Applied axial compression load has influenced on the effective thermal conductivity of the Li2TiO3 pebble bed, especially at high temperature.•Obvious change of effective thermal conductivity with the value of compression load until 3 MPa was not observed. Tritium breeder material in the solid-type of breeding blanket concepts is usually used in a pebble bed form because of the efficiency and convenience of tritium extraction. The pebble bed is continuously heated by the exothermal reaction between neutron and lithium-6 during the operation of a fusion reactor. Thus, a compression pressure is applied on the pebble bed by the thermal expansion of pebbles and container structure. Therefore, the accurate thermal properties of the pebble bed are one of the important design parameters to ensure a function and stability of the breeding blanket. This study aims at the investigation of the change on effective thermal conductivity of Li2TiO3 pebble beds under the operation conditions of breeding blanket. The measurement of effective thermal conductivities of Li2TiO3 pebble beds has been performed by laser flash technique in several atmosphere gases, such as helium, nitrogen, and air, under the statically compression load controlled by specially design pneumatic device incorporated to the laser flash apparatus. Also, in the case of helium atmosphere, the effects of hydrogen concentration from 0.1 wt.% to 1.0 wt.% on the effective thermal conductivity were also investigated. The effective thermal conductivity of the Li2TiO3 pebble bed was strongly dependent on a kind of atmosphere gases, especially its thermal conductivity, in the relatively low temperature. However, the concentration of hydrogen in the helium atmosphere did not significantly affect the effective thermal conductivity of the pebble bed. Applied axial compression load has influenced on the effective thermal conductivity of the Li2TiO3 pebble bed, especially at high temperature. However, the obvious change of effective thermal conductivity with the value of compression load was not observed.