The Mostra Augustea della Romanità was inaugurated in Rome on 23 September 1937 to celebrate the Bimillenary of the birth of the Emperor Augustus. Located into the ideological-political climate of the time but nonetheless characterized by a solid scientific value, it constituted an impressive review on the culture and civilization of ancient Rome. One of its main rooms, the XVII, was dedicated to L’Esercito, preceded by that aimed at illustrate Il culto di Augusto. In the exhibition, the empire created by Augustus inevitably had to confront the new empire of Fascist Italy proclaimed on 9 May 1936, a reality that did not yet exist at the time of the conception of the exhibition but for it Imperial Rome represented the paradigm from which to draw strength and inspiration. The paper illustrates the contents of room XVII through an overview of the artworks present in it and also describes the display choices that characterized its presentation to the Italian and world public.