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  • Urumović, Kosta

    12/2005
    Publication

    In the end of this year it will be a 150 years since Henry Philibert Gaspard Darcy (1803-1858) has performed first experiments which were a year after followed by publication of the famous monograph «Les fontaines publiques de la ville de Dijon» containing text Determination des lois d'ecoulement de l'eau à travers le sable. This work is fundamental because the basic law describing flow of liquid through the porous media is given therein. It describes the relation in which the double averaging of the flow velocity is introduced, and at the same time the theoretically correct energy approach to illustration of the groundwater flow is introduced. This law is without doubt the most important and the furthest reaching achievement of such exceptional scientist, who was both serious theoretician and also highly effective in practice. His scientific works are in a quite wide range – from water works to road building, and especially significant in hydrotechnics. Describing the wide scope and deep meaning of Darcy's law has remained an interesting subject even today. The "far sight" of Darcy's comprehension results from a simple fact – carefully performed and sharp-wittedly interpreted experiment. This gave the Darcy's law a theoretical clearness which allows its generalisation and extensions for various flow conditions in respect to the type of energy that controls the movement, type of liquid that flows and of the medium wherein the process takes place, also on the scale at which the process is studied. In this text, emphasis is primarily given to the results of original experiments and to the Darcy's original explanations of flow through the porous medium. Koncem ove godine napunit će se 150 godina od prvih pokusa, a slijedeće godine i od tiskanja znamenite monografije: «Les fontaines publiques de la ville de Dijon», u kojemu Henry Philibert Gaspard Darcy (1803-1858) u tekstu pod naslovom Determination des lois d'ecoulement de l'eau à travers le sable prikazuje osnovni zakon strujanja tekućine u poroznome mediju odnosom u kojemu je ostvareno dvostruko osrednjenje brzine gibanja tekućine, a istovremeno je teorijski egzaktno uveden energijski pristup u predočavanju strujanja podzemnih voda. Ovaj zakon nesumljivo je krunski domet ovog izuzetnog znanstvenika, serioznog teoretičara i vrlo učinkovitog praktičara. Njegov ukupni opus pokriva vrlo široko područje vodnog gospodarstva i izgradnje prometnica, a posebice hidrotehnike. Razotkrivanje širine i dubine značenja Darcyjeva zakona ostalo je aktualna tema sve do današnjih dana. Ta dalekovidnost Darcyjeve spoznaje proizlazi iz jednostavne činjenice: brižljivo provedenog i oštoumno interpetiranoga eksperimenta. Rezultat je teorijska jasnoća Darcyjeva zakona koja omogućuje njegova poopćenja i proširenja za raznovrsne uvjete toka u odnosu na vrstu energije koja upravlja gibanjem, tekućinu koja se giba i sredinu kroz koje se to odvija, te mjerilo u kojemu se ono proučava. Ovdje je pozornost prvenstveno posvećena rezultatima pokusa i njegovim originalnim tumačenjima strujanja kroz porozni medij.