In daily life biological systems are usually exposed to magnetic field forces at different intensities and frequencies, either directly or indirectly. Despite negative results, the therapeutic use of ...the low dose magnetic field has been found in recent studies. The effect of magnetic field forces on cochlear cells is not clear in the literature.
In our study, we first applied in vivo pulsed magnetic fields to laboratory rats to investigate the effects on cochlea with distortion product otoacoustic emission test followed by histopathological examinations.
Twelve rats were included in this study, separated into two groups as study group and control group. The rats in the study group were exposed to 40Hz pulsed magnetic field for 1h/day for 30 days; the hearing of the rats was controlled by otoacoustic emission test. Also, their cochleas were removed and histochemical examination was performed by Caspase-3, Caspase-9, and TUNEL methods.
A statistically significant difference was determined (p<0.05) when the hearing thresholds of the groups obtained by using 5714Hz and 8000Hz stimuli were compared by Kruskal–Wallis test. A significant reaction was observed in the study group, especially in the outer ciliated cells during immunohistochemical examinations by using Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 methods. A significantly positive difference was determined in the study group, especially at the outer ciliated cells and the support cells of the corti organ, when compared to the control group (p<0.05) by the TUNEL method.
According to the results of our study, the very low dose magnetic field, which is considered to be used for therapeutic purposes recently, can cause both auditory function defects and histopathologic damage in cochlear cells.
Os sistemas biológicos são geralmente expostos a forças de campo magnético em diferentes intensidades e frequências, direta ou indiretamente, na vida diária. Apesar dos resultados negativos, o uso terapêutico do campo magnético de baixa dose tem sido encontrado em estudos recentes. O efeito das forças do campo magnético sobre as células cocleares não está claro na literatura.
Em nosso estudo, aplicamos pela primeira vez campos magnéticos pulsados in vivo em ratos de laboratório para investigar os efeitos na cóclea através do teste de emissão otoacústica por produto de distorção e análises histopatológicas.
Doze ratos foram incluídos neste estudo, os quais foram separados em dois grupos, grupo de estudo e grupo controle. Os ratos do grupo de estudo foram expostos a campo magnético pulsado de 40 Hz por 1 hora/dia por 30 dias, e a audição dos ratos foi controlada por testes de emissão otoacústica. Além disso, suas cócleas foram colhidas e o exame histoquímico foi feito pelos métodos caspase-3, caspase-9 e TUNEL.
Foi determinada uma diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0,05) quando os limiares auditivos dos grupos obtidos por meio dos estímulos de 5714Hz e 8000Hz foram comparados pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Uma reação significante foi observada no grupo de estudo, especialmente nas células ciliadas externas nas análises imuno-histoquímicas, com os métodos caspase-3 e caspase-9. Uma diferença significantemente positiva foi determinada no grupo de estudo, especialmente nas células ciliadas externas e nas células de suporte do órgão de Corti, quando comparadas com o grupo controle (p<0,05) pelo método TUNEL.
De acordo com os resultados do nosso estudo, o campo magnético de dose baixa, que tem sido considerado para uso terapêutico recentemente, pode causar defeitos na função auditiva e danos histopatológicos nas células cocleares.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible hepatoprotective effects of green tea extract (GTE) against formaldehyde (FMD) induced hepatotoxicity in albino mice with biochemical and ...histopathological approaches. Swiss albino mice were randomly divided into six groups, each consisting of six animals. Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, malondialdehyde, glutathione and advanced oxidized protein product levels, and histopathological changes were also investigated in liver tissues of mice. The results indicated that FMD-induced oxidative damage caused a significant decrease in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, glutathione levels, and a significant increase in malondialdehyde and advanced oxidized protein product levels of the liver tissues. Each dose of GTE provided significant protection against FMD-induced toxicity and the strongest effect was observed at a dose of 150 mg kg−1 bodyweight histopathological studies showed that FMD caused some structural damages such as hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis. In vivo results showed that GTE extract is a potent protector against FMD-induced hepatotoxicity.
In this study, toxic effects of the lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) in Allium cepa L. cells were investigated. Toxic effects were investigated by analyzing the leaf contents and the cytologic and ...antioxidant parameters. To this aim, different doses of LCT were applied to Allium cepa L. samples. As a result, all doses of LCT treatment significantly decreased the leaf pigments compared to the control. The activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and MDA level showed a concentration–time dependent decrease after treatment. It was also found that LCT has a mitodepressive action on mitosis and produced clastogenic and aneugenic types of abnormalities in Allium cepa with decreased mitotic index depending on the dose of LCT. The data obtained in this study showed that plant bioassays can be used as an important indicator to detect possible genotoxicity of chemicals.
Bu çalışmada siklodekstrin tutuklanmış poli (laktid-ko-glikolid) (PLGA) mikropartiküllerinin sentezi, karakterizasyonu ve in vitro kolesterol gideriminde kullanılması hedeflenmiştir. Biyobozunur ...özellikte PLGA mikropartiküllerinin canlı sistemlerde kullanılabilirliği oldukça yüksektir. Bu tür malzemelerin uygulama sonrası vücuttan alınması için cerrahi işleme ihtiyaç duyulmaması önemli bir avantajdır. Bu çalışmada PLGA partikülleri kopolimerizasyon yöntemi ile sentezlenmiş ve in vitro kolesterol gideriminde model biyomalzeme olarak seçilmiştir. Partikül sentezi, polilaktik asit (PLA) ve poliglikolik asit (PGA) mol oranı 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 olacak şekilde 3 farklı monomer karışımı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Siklodekstrin tutuklanarak partiküllerin kolesterole karşı afinitesi arttırılmıştır. Siklodekstrin tutuklanmış PLGA mikropartiküllerinin biyouyumluluk özellikleri hemoliz, kan proteinleri adezyonu, temas açısı ölçümleri ve kararlılık ile incelenmiştir. Karakterizasyon çalışmaları sonrasında mikropartiküller in vitro kolesterol uzaklaştırılmasında kullanılmıştır. Partikül bileşimi, ortam pH’sı ve sıcaklık parametrelerinin giderim performansı üzerine etkisi test edilmiştir. Tüm mikropartiküller yüksek biyouyumluluk özelliği sergilemiştir. PGA oranının artması ile birlikte hemolitik aktivite ve protein adezyonunun azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca partiküldeki poli laktik asit faz oranının azalmasıyla su ile temas açılarının da azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Ortam pH’sının ve sıcaklığının kolesterol giderimini önemli derecede etkilediği belirlenmiştir. En yüksek kolesterol giderimine pH 7.0 değerinde PLA/PGA: 25/75 mikropartikül bileşimi ile ulaşılmıştır. Ortam sıcaklığının 5o C’den 35o C’ye arttırılması ile kolesterol gideriminin 1.36 kat arttığı gözlenmiştir. PLGA partiküllerinin kolesterol gideriminde etkili bir biyouyumlu materyal olduğu, siklodekstrin immobilizasyonunun kolesterol giderim performansını arttırdığı belirlenmiştir.
Özet. Bu çalışmada siklodekstrin tutuklanmış poli (laktid-ko-glikolid) (PLGA) mikropartiküllerinin sentezi, karakterizasyonu ve in vitro kolesterol gideriminde kullanılması hedeflenmiştir. Biyobozunur özellikte PLGA mikropartiküllerinin canlı sistemlerde kullanılabilirliği oldukça yüksektir. Bu tür malzemelerin uygulama sonrası vücuttan alınması için cerrahi işleme ihtiyaç duyulmaması önemli bir avantajdır. Bu çalışmada PLGA partikülleri kopolimerizasyon yöntemi ile sentezlenmiş ve in vitro kolesterol gideriminde model biyomalzeme olarak seçilmiştir. Partikül sentezi, polilaktik asit (PLA) ve poliglikolik asit (PGA) mol oranı 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 olacak şekilde 3 farklı monomer karışımı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Siklodekstrin tutuklanarak partiküllerin kolesterole karşı afinitesi arttırılmıştır. Siklodekstrin tutuklanmış PLGA mikropartiküllerinin biyouyumluluk özellikleri hemoliz, kan proteinleri adezyonu, temas açısı ölçümleri ve kararlılık ile incelenmiştir. Karakterizasyon çalışmaları sonrasında mikropartiküller in vitro kolesterol uzaklaştırılmasında kullanılmıştır. Partikül bileşimi, ortam pH’sı ve sıcaklık parametrelerinin giderim performansı üzerine etkisi test edilmiştir. Tüm mikropartiküller yüksek biyouyumluluk özelliği sergilemiştir. PGA oranının artması ile birlikte hemolitik aktivite ve protein adezyonunun azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca partiküldeki poli laktik asit faz oranının azalmasıyla su ile temas açılarının da azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Ortam pH’sının ve sıcaklığının kolesterol giderimini önemli derecede etkilediği belirlenmiştir. En yüksek kolesterol giderimine pH 7.0 değerinde PLA/PGA: 25/75 mikropartikül bileşimi ile ulaşılmıştır. Ortam sıcaklığının 5oC’den 35oC’ye arttırılması ile kolesterol gideriminin 1.36 kat arttığı gözlenmiştir. PLGA partiküllerinin kolesterol gideriminde etkili bir biyouyumlu materyal olduğu, siklodekstrin immobilizasyonunun kolesterol giderim performansını arttırdığı belirlenmiştir. Abstract. In this study, the synthesis, characterization and in vitro cholesterol removal performance of cyclodextrin immobilized poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) was aimed. The biodegredable poly PLGA microspheres are widely used in humans. After treatment process, the removal of these materials from the body without an operational process is an important advantage. In this study, PLGA particles were synthesized by copolymerization method and used in cholesterol removal as a model biomaterial. Particle synthesis was performed with using different monomer mixtures as polylactic acid (PLA)/ polyglycolic acid (PGA) mol ratios of 75/25, 50/50, 25/75. The affinity of PLGA particles for cholesterol was increased with cyclodextrin im ...
Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the possible effects of grape seed extract (GSE) against benzene-induced toxicity in Swiss albino mice.
Methods: The animals were ...randomly divided into six groups each containing six mice. Group I, treated with distilled water; Group II and III orally treated with 50 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg body weight GSE, respectively. Group IV, orally treated with 250 mg/kg body weight benzene by using feeding cannula; Group V, orally treated with 50 mg/kg body weight GSE + 250 mg/kg body weight benzene; Group VI, orally treated with 150 mg/kg body weight GSE + 250 mg/kg of body weight benzene for 50 consecutive days. At the end of experimental period all mice were sacrificed; blood, liver and kidney tissues were removed after post-mortem examination. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine levels were analyzed from serum. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were analyzed from isolated tissues. And also histopathological examinations of liver and kidney tissues were investigated.
Results: Serum AST, ALT, ALP, BUN and creatinine levels were slightly increased in Group IV compared with the other tested groups (p<.05). Benzene-induced toxicity caused a significant decrease in GSH levels and a significant rise in MDA levels of liver and kidney tissues. Oral treatment with GSE significantly ameliorated the indices of hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and lipid peroxidation induced by benzene. Both doses of GSE provided significant protection and the strongest effects were observed at the dose level of 150 mg/kg.
Conclusion: Consequently, it was found that GSE has a significant positive effect in benzeneinduced toxicity, and its GSE effect is dose dependent.
Pulsed magnetic fields (PMFs) have significant therapeutic effects on many disorders. However, the effects of PMF on vascular homeostasis remain unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we ...investigated the role of in vivo PMF in maintaining vascular homeostasis during H2O2-induced oxidative stress. For this purpose, rats were exposed to PMF (40 Hz, 1.5 mT) for 1 h for a period of 30 days, following which their thoracic aortas were excised. H2O2 was exogenously applied to the aortic rings. Constrictions were measured in a tissue bath using an electrophysiological technique. Bcl-2 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein levels were determined by Western blotting. We found lesser H2O2-induced vasoconstriction in the PMF group than in the control group in endothelium-intact (E+) rings. As H2O2 also induces apoptosis, after incubation with H2O2 (40 min) to induce early apoptosis, we added KCl and measured KCl-induced contractions. All the groups, endothelium intact or denuded (E-) showed decreased responses; however, we still observed the effect of PMF in the E+ group due to increased endothelial activity. In addition, PMF increased the expression of the eNOS protein, which might be a key target of PMF. Our results suggest that in vivo application of PMF protects vascular responses through endothelium-mediated mechanisms during oxidative stress. Therefore, PMF might play a protective role against vascular diseases.
Investigation of toxic effects of the glyphosate on Allium cepa Çavuşoğlu, K., Giresun University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Giresun, Turkey; Yalçın, E., Giresun University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Giresun, Turkey; Türkmen, Z., Giresun University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Giresun, Turkey ...
Journal of Agricultural Sciences,
01/2011, Volume:
17, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Bu çalışmada, Glifosatın Allium cepa L. (Amaryllidaceae) üzerine toksik etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla çimlenme yüzdesi, kök uzunluğu, ağırlık kazancı, malondialdehit (MDA) düzeyi, mikronukleus ...sıklığı (MN),kromozomal anormallikler (CAs) ve mitotik indeks (MI) parametreleri toksisite indikatörü olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu parametrelere ilave olarak glifosat uygulanmış A. cepa da kök anatomisindeki değişimler de araştırılmıştır.
In the present study, toxic effects of glyphosate on Allium cepa L. (Amaryllidaceae) cells were investigated. For this aim, we used the germination percentage, root length, seedling weight, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, frequency of micronucleus (MN), chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and mitotic index (MI) as indicators of toxicity. In addition to the analyses mentioned above, we also examined changes in the root anatomy of A. cepa seeds treated with glyphosate.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex medical disorder characterized by insulin resistance, hypertension, and high risk of coronary disease and stroke. Microvascular rarefaction and endothelial ...dysfunction have also been linked with MetS, and recent evidence from clinical studies supports the efficacy of incretin-based antidiabetic therapies for vascular protection in diabetes. Previous studies pointed out the importance of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition in endothelial cells due to getting protection against metabolic pathologies. We therefore aimed to investigate the acute effects of a DPP-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, on vascular function in rats with high-sucrose diet-induced MetS. In order to elucidate the mechanisms implicated in the effects of DPP-4 inhibition, we tested the involvement of NO pathway and epigenetic regulation in the MetS. Acute use of sitagliptin protects the vascular function in the rats with MetS in part due to NO pathway via restoring the depressed aortic relaxation responses mediated by receptors. Application of sitagliptin enhanced the depressed phosphorylation levels of both the endothelial NO synthase and the apoptotic status of protein kinase B, known as Akt, in endothelium-intact thoracic aorta from rats with MetS. One-hour application of sitagliptin on aortic rings from rats with MetS also induced remarkable histon posttranslational modifications such as increased expression of H3K27Me3, but not of H3K27Me2, resulting in an accumulation of the H3K27Me3. Our findings suggest that, in addition to its well-known hypoglycemic action, sitagliptin may also have beneficial effects on hyperglycemia-induced vascular changes in an endotheium-dependent manner. These present results with sitagliptin aside from the glycaemic control, may demonstrate its important role in the treatment of patients with MetS.
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