Abstract
Background
Previous studies have identified substantial unmet information needs in people with depression and anxiety. Sufficient information about the disorder, treatment, available ...services, and strategies for self-management is essential as it may influence quality of care and patients’ quality of life. This scoping review aimed to provide a broad overview of information needs of people with depression and anxiety as well as the sources that they use to seek this information.
Methods
We included all primary research published in English that investigated information needs or information sources in people with depression or anxiety, with no restrictions imposed on the study design, location, setting, or participant characteristics. Six electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, LISTA, Web of Science) and the grey literature (Google and Google Scholar) were searched for relevant studies published up to November 2021. Two reviewers independently screened articles and extracted data. Narrative synthesis was performed to identify key themes of information needs and information sources. Factors associated with information needs/sources such as demographic variables and symptom severity were also identified.
Results
Fifty-six studies (comprising 8320 participants) were included. Information needs were categorised into seven themes, including general facts, treatment, lived experience, healthcare services, coping, financial/legal, and other information. The most frequently reported needs in both people with depression and anxiety were general facts and treatment information. Subclinical samples who self-reported depressive/anxious symptoms appeared less interested in treatment information than patients with clinical diagnoses. Information sources were summarised into five categories: health professionals, written materials, media, interpersonal interactions, and organisational resources. Health professionals and media (including the internet) were the most frequently adopted and preferred sources. Although few studies have examined factors associated with information needs and information sources, there is preliminary evidence that symptom severity and disease subtypes are related to information needs/sources, whereas findings on demographic factors were mixed.
Conclusions
Information needs appear to be high in people with depression and anxiety. Future research should examine differences between subgroups and associated factors such as the treatment course. Personalised information provision strategies are also needed to customise information according to individual needs and patient profiles.
Trial Registration
The protocol of this scoping review was registered on Open Science Framework (OSF; link:
https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/DF2M6
).
Introduction
The objective of this systematic review is to reflect on assumptions in relation to codeine use in combination with other analgesics.
Methods
MEDLINE was searched according to the ...predetermined keywords and criteria. Only English language studies were taken into consideration and the outcome data of the final studies were extracted by two reviewers independently from each other and were checked by the third reviewer. Additionally, the available codeine-related Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSRs) retrieved from EudraVigilance were reviewed.
Results
Sixteen placebo-controlled studies that involved 3378 subjects suffering from acute pain were analyzed for the efficacy of low-dose codeine (≤ 30 mg) combination products. Twelve of them found low-dose codeine combinations more efficient in relieving pain than the assigned comparator. According to 20 randomized clinical trials which included at least one dose of codeine (from 30 to 240 mg daily), the vast majority of reported side-effects were mild or moderate in severity. A total of 20 ICSRs for dependence were identified in the EudraVigilance database with codeine as a suspect drug for the 10-year time period for the European region.
Conclusions
Low-dose codeine combinations are effective after a single application in treating acute pain. Codeine in doses ≤ 30 mg and higher was considered safe since only mild to moderate side-effects were observed. There is no indication in the available sources which clearly links low doses of codeine to substance use disorder in non-dependent subjects.
Introduction: The aim was to report the occurrence of after application of olanzapine long-acting injection (OLAI) in patients with schizophrenia during one year period.
Subjects and methods: During ...one year period, OLAI was applied to 30 patients with schizophrenia (18 men, 12 women) who were non-adherent to previous treatment with oral olanzapine. Patients were 20-58 years of age (39 years old on average), diagnosed with SCID based on DSM-IV-TR criteria. Patients received OLAI in dosage between 210-405 mg (287±62 (mean ± SD)) every 2-4 weeks.
Results: Out of 30 patients that received OLAI, 29 patients improved significantly without side-effects, and one patient developed post-injection delirium/sedation syndrome (PDSS). The patient's somatic condition stabilized and treatment with OLAI was discontinued due to the PDSS.
Conclusion: The occurrence of PDSS is not common and when it occurs, in our experience, it was reversible.
Pandemija COVID-19 svojim utjecajem na tjelesno zdravlje te kao potencijalna životna ugroza ima značajne reperkusije na mentalno zdravlje u smislu posljedičnog psihološkog distresa i pojave simptoma ...psihičkih poremećaja. Navedeni utjecaj je dodatno otežan mjerama socijalne izolacije kao jednim od načina sprječavanja širenja pandemije. Utjecaj pandemije na oboljele od anksioznih i depresivnih poremećaja može se manifestirati kroz inadekvatnu i maladaptivnu prilagodbenu reakciju koja rezultira pretjeranom tjeskobom ili pak pogoršanjem simptoma osnovnog poremećaja, odnosno recidivom poremećaja. S druge strane, oboljelima značajno otežava baštiniti i pozitivne strane adaptacijskog naprezanja u smislu jačanja otpornosti, odnosno fleksibilnosti zdravih snaga ličnosti. Gledajući s aspekta oboljelih od anksioznih i depresivnih poremećaja u okviru ove pandemije, nameće se potreba za akceptiranjem činjenice kako se radi o vulnerabilnoj populaciji kojoj je potrebno osigurati promptnu i što obuhvatnije organiziranu dostupnost kontinuirane psihijatrijske skrbi.
Permissibility of placebo controls in psychiatric research is raising everlasting controversies. The main ethical issue remains: whether, when, under what conditions, and to what extent is it ...justifiable to disregard subject's present (best) interest for the presumably "greater" ones. In relation to this main ethical concern, two distinct arguments arose: proponents of placebo controls trials (placebo ortxodoxy) and proponents of active controls trials (active-control orthodoxy). More recently, in new ethical guidelines, Declaration of Helsinki and International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects, a "middle way" approach was formulated, acceptable to both sides of the argument, saying placebo controls can be justified under certain conditions: when and only when, they firstly present undisputed methodological reasoning, and secondly, fulfill certain ethical considerations - mainly regarding the permissibility of accompanied risks. These ethical evaluations are inevitably contextual and evoke the need for the principle of proportionality. In scope of recent findings of substantial and progressively increasing placebo response in psychiatric research, contextual factors are identified and both theoretical and practical challenges are discussed.
To determine if atypical antipsychotic agents reduce the rehospitalization rates of patients with newly diagnosed or chronic schizophrenia in comparison with typical antipsychotic drugs.
From January ...1, 2003, to December 31, 2004, we retrospectively compared two-year rehospitalization rates of 135 patients with newly diagnosed schizophrenia and 398 patients with chronic schizophrenia (62% and 65% men, respectively), who were initially discharged from Vrapce Psychiatric Hospital, Zagreb, with the prescription of atypical (olanzapine, risperidone or clozapine) or typical (haloperidol or fluphenazine) antipsychotic treatment between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2002. Time-to-readmission was determined with Kaplan-Meier formula for survival analysis.
In the two-year follow-up, 52 (39%) newly diagnosed patients and 197 (47%) patients with chronic schizophrenia were rehospitalized. No significant differences in time-to-rehospitalization were observed with respect to the type of medications in patients with newly diagnosed schizophrenia (P=0.378) or patients with chronic schizophrenia (P=0.531).
Rehospitalization rates of patients who were prescribed atypical antipsychotic drugs were similar to those of patients who were prescribed typical antipsychotic drugs for both the group with the first psychotic episode and group with chronic schizophrenia.
Permissibility of placebo controls in psychiatric research is raising everlasting controversies. The main ethical issue remains:
whether, when, under what conditions, and to what extent is it ...justifiable to disregard subject’s present (best) interest for the
presumably "greater" ones. In relation to this main ethical concern, two distinct arguments arose: proponents of placebo controls
trials (placebo ortxodoxy) and proponents of active controls trials (active-control orthodoxy). More recently, in new ethical
guidelines, Declaration of Helsinki and International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects, a
"middle way" approach was formulated, acceptable to both sides of the argument, saying placebo controls can be justified under
certain conditions: when and only when, they firstly present undisputed methodological reasoning, and secondly, fulfill certain
ethical considerations – mainly regarding the permissibility of accompanied risks. These ethical evaluations are inevitably
contextual and evoke the need for the principle of proportionality. In scope of recent findings of substantial and progressively
increasing placebo response in psychiatric research, contextual factors are identified and both theoretical and practical challenges
are discussed.
This study provides an overview of the incidence of smoking, the socio-demographic characteristics of Croatian smokers during a five-year period and an assessment of predictors of the desire/decision ...to quit smoking. Analyses were performed separately for 2003 and 2008. A total of 3,229 subjects were included in the survey. There is a significant trend of a decreasing number of smokers in all age groups in 2008, compared to 2003. Almost half of the smokers included in the study expressed desire to quit smoking. Factors contributing significantly to decision to quit smoking were different in 2003 and 2008, except one. Concern about the harmful effects of tobacco smoking on health was a significant predictor in both models. Very worried respondents were more likely to decide to quit smoking (OR 17.6, 95% CI 9.41 to 33.17 vs. OR 12.54; 95% CI 6.0 to 26.2) than those who were not worried at all.
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