Various possibilities for collecting volunteer-provided geographical information in geodesy make it possible to engage volunteers for different purposes. In this paper, a study of the willingness of ...volunteers to report changes on topographic maps based on an online survey is presented. The survey was answered by 653 Slovenian respondents who use various online or classic topographic maps in their free time or at work and are willing to report their knowledge of changes in space or errors in maps to the map-updating institution. The survey's main finding is that 56% of respondents would use any online application to report changes on maps, 38% of respondents would prefer to report changes via email, and only 4% of respondents would prefer to report changes by phone. We also analysed the potential use of different functionalities of a web application for collecting changes and found that the most important functionalities for volunteers are those that give the most in-depth feedback (i.e., that a contribution has been submitted, that it is being verified, that it has been considered, that it has been deleted). The willingness of potential volunteers to use the various proposed functionalities also frequently depends on their current involvement with social networking sites or in volunteer associations and on their age group.
An analysis of the present-day geodetic marks representing trigonometric points of the 2nd and 3rd order was carried out in the area of Slovenia that was part of the Kingdom of Italy between 1920 and ...1947. By reviewing topographies, photographs on hribi.net and sample field surveys, we identified, among the 52 2nd order points, 16 points that had the Italian type of geodetic marks and 6 points with even older types of geodetic marks, dating back to the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. Among the 407 3rd order points, we identified 68 Italian geodetic marks and 15 even older ones. The so-called Italian type of geodetic mark can be recognised as a concrete pillar with a square or octagonal shape, about 1 m high, with a diameter of 40 to 70 cm. The even older geodetic marks are carved from natural stone. These often have the dual function of being a trigonometric point mark and a land cadastral mark, indicating the boundary of cadastral municipalities. We also investigated the eccentric metal target signals erected in 1996, and those between 1995 and 1997, which were an additional post- consolidation of the existing granite trigonometric marks installed after the Second World War. Finally, we highlight the potential of these old geodetic marks in the design and planning of new measurements in the future.
Various geodetic and lidar measurements performed on the Triglav Glacier (Julian Alps, Slovenia) make it possible to study not only the extent of the glacier but also changes in its thickness and ...volume. These measurements also make it possible to calculate the geodetic mass balance of the glacier. Thickness and volume changes were calculated using glacier area measurements from 1952, 1975, and 1992, and annually between 1999 and 2016. The mean thickness decreased from 39.2m in 1952 to 2.45m in 2012. The maximum thickness decreased from 48.3 m in 1952 to 5.2 m in 2007. The mean specific mass balance was calculated for the area of 1 hectare that the glacier covered in 2016. From 1952 to 2016, the annual specific mass balance was −0.45m w.e.a−1.
Na sliki 1 so poleg na novo vpisanih mejnikov, ki so označeni z modrim krogcem in številko EID (enotna identifikacija dediščine), z belim krogcem označeni že predhodno vpisani mejniki, pri teh je ...številka EID v oklepaju. Na podlagi EID-številke lahko mejnike poiščete na interaktivni karti kulturne dediščine https://geohub.gov.si/ghapp/giskd/. V preglednici 1 podajamo za deset novih vpisov v Register nepremične kulturne dediščine EID-številke in kratek opis mejnikov. Kot primer omenimo le lokacijo mejnika iz leta 1819 na Križen drevu (EID 1-31012), ki je po urbarju iz let 1574-1576 izpričano opredeljevala mejo švarceneške gospoščine že pred skoraj petsto leti (Potokar, 2005)! Za vpis smo predlagali le izbrane izjemne primere mejnikov iz tega dela Slovenije, ne pa vseh mejnikov iz obdobja franciscejske zemljiškokatastrske izmere, ki jih tod v naravi še vedno lahko najdemo.
The Skuta Glacier in the Kamnik–Savinja Alps (in northern Slovenia) is one of the two remaining glaciers in Slovenia. It is located in a cirque oriented toward the northwest, which shields it from ...sunlight for most of the year. The glacier lies at an average elevation of 2070m. In recent years, its average area has measured around 1.5 hectares. Monitoring of the glacier has been performed since 1946. In 1962, regular photographing of the glacier with various cameras started from various non-fixed standpoints. Using the single image interactive orientation acquisition method, in which a single photograph is compared with the projection of a modern digital terrain model, seventeen photographs covering the period from 1970 to 2015 were used to acquire the 3D-perimeters of the glacier. The data shows that the elevation of glacier’s upper edge decreased by approximately 40m in the last half-century. Changes in the glacier’s area and average upper edge elevation were compared with average annual temperature and maximum seasonal snow cover depth.
In this paper we will describe the former boundaries of the cadastral municipalities in the Slovenian-Italian cross-border area between the Socerb castle and the Rosandra valley. Today, the villages ...of Socerb and Beka are located on the Slovenian side of the border, and Mačkolje (Caresana), Prebeneg (Prebenico), Dolina (San Dorlingo della Valle), Boljunec (Bagnoli della Rosandra), Kroglje (Crogole), Gornji Konec (Bagnoli Superiore) and Botač (Bottazzo) on the Italian side. At the time of the Franciscan cadastral survey in this area (from 1818 to 1822), i.e., at the time of the Austrian Empire, these villages, except for Mačkolje, belonged to the district of Fünfenberg, which was part of the province of Istria. Therefore, the same type of cadastral municipality boundary marks from the Franciscan or a revised cadastral survey can be found here as elsewhere in the present-day territory of Slovenia. In addition to the twelve boundary stones with inscriptions, we will also present two natural boundary marks: inscriptions carved on the entrance walls of a cave and inscriptions carved on the smooth rock wall. We will also show that the boundary stones in the Primorska region, which have the same shape as the former cadastral municipality boundary stones, could also have once marked former common lands of agrarian communities, here called jusi, and these were not always the same as the cadastral municipality boundaries.
The borders of the cadastral municipalities that are still valid today are, in many cases, based on much older landowners’ borders of feudal lordships. Thus, in central Slovenia, in the forests below ...Mount Krim, we find the old boundary marks representing today’s cadastral municipality of Preserje, based on the former border between the Carthusia Bistra and the Ig estate from 1726. The main purpose of this paper is to present the current state of the preserved boundary marks along this border. The preserved boundary marks are about 80 cm high, have carved sequential letters, the year 1726 and coats of arms of the Carthusia Bistra and the earls Engelshaus (the owners of the Ig estate at that time). In 1748, this boundary was adopted as the boundary between the Notranjska (Inner) and the Gorenjska (Upper) districts of the Carniola region in the Habsburg Monarchy. As part of the Franciscan cadastral survey in 1823, this border was used as the border of cadastral municipalities, and it has retained this role until today. On the Franciscan cadastral maps, we find eleven locations numbered with the year 1726 and the consecutive letter from B to M. Today, at these locations, we can still find two original boundary marks decorated with coats of arms and the year 1726, two destroyed original boundary marks and three probably later replaced boundary marks without inscriptions and coats of arms. We also examined locations on the even older eastern border of the Carthusia Bistra, on which today mainly only post-war trigonometric points of lower orders can be found; only on the Smrekovec hill under Rakitna did we find another older boundary mark without additional inscriptions or coats of arms.
Based on the laser point clouds of 240 individual trees that were also identified in the field, we developed decision trees to distinguish deciduous and coniferous trees and individual tree species: ...Picea abies, Larix decidua, Pinus sylvestris, Fagus sylvatica, Acer pseudoplatanus, Fraxinus excelsior. The volume of the upper part of the tree crown (height of 3 m) and the average intensity of the laser reflections were used as explanatory variables. There were four aerial laser datasets: May 2012, September 2012, March 2013 and July 2015. We found that the combination of the volume and the average intensity of the first three laser datasets was the most reliable for predicting the selected tree species (60% model performance). A slightly poorer model performance was obtained if only the average intensity of the first three datasets was used (54% model performance). The worst model performance was given by the intensities (31 % model performance) or the volumes (21 % model performance) of dataset 4, which represents the national laser scanning of Slovenia (LSS). The best performing was the deciduous and coniferous separation, which achieved 75% and 95% success based on the test data (combination of volume and average intensity of the first three laser datasets). Using only the LSS intensities, deciduous and coniferous trees could be separated with 81% success.
Outside the main mountain ranges and high North and South regions, individual isolated very small glaciers are the only glacier remnants and exceptional high-mountain active geomorphosites, which can ...be used to represent climate change consequences first hand to the local general public. The isolated, very small Triglav glacier in Slovenia was used to represent 3D glacier area changes for the period 1829–2016, together with long-term meteorological changes. Spatio-temporal changes of the glacier were derived mainly from old images and postcards with the help of interactive orientation (monoplotting), which enables the acquisition of a 3D glacier boundary from a single image by using a modern detailed digital elevation model. Very intuitive 3D visualisation was prepared, which shows the spatio-temporal changes of the glacier area, together with changes in average annual temperature and maximum annual snow depth. The last two are presented by colour palettes, where red colours represent stages when temperatures or maximum snow depths deviate from long-term averages in a negative way, meaning accelerating the glacier area reduction. Blue colours are used for stages when these parameters deviate from long-term averages in a positive way, meaning preserving the glacier area. From this 3D visualisation, one can easily recognise which meteorological parameter is the most important for the Triglav glacier preservation; this is the maximum annual snow depth. Such kind of 3D visualisation has a great potential for promotion of other active or evolving passive geomorphosites too.
The borders of the cadastral municipalities that are still valid today are, in many cases, based on much older landowners’ borders of feudal lordships. Thus, in central Slovenia, in the forests below ...Mount Krim, we find the old boundary marks representing today’s cadastral municipality of Preserje, based on the former border between the Carthusia Bistra and the Ig estate from 1726. The main purpose of this paper is to present the current state of the preserved boundary marks along this border. The preserved boundary marks are about 80 cm high, have carved sequential letters, the year 1726 and coats of arms of the Carthusia Bistra and the earls Engelshaus (the owners of the Ig estate at that time). In 1748, this boundary was adopted as the boundary between the Notranjska (Inner) and the Gorenjska (Upper) districts of the Carniola region in the Habsburg Monarchy. As part of the Franciscan cadastral survey in 1823, this border was used as the border of cadastral municipalities, and it has retained this role until today. On the Franciscan cadastral maps, we find eleven locations numbered with the year 1726 and the consecutive letter from B to M. Today, at these locations, we can still find two original boundary marks decorated with coats of arms and the year 1726, two destroyed original boundary marks and three probably later replaced boundary marks without inscriptions and coats of arms. We also examined locations on the even older eastern border of the Carthusia Bistra, on which today mainly only post-war trigonometric points of lower orders can be found; only on the Smrekovec hill under Rakitna did we find another older boundary mark without additional inscriptions or coats of arms.
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