Mithradates VI Eupator (120–63 BC) was the greatest of the kings of Pontus in Asia Minor, gradually extending his control over most of the regions, gravitating toward Euxine, including Colchis, and ...annexing Cappadocia and Bithynia. He exercised his authority over other lands in Asia Minor and Greece, becoming one of the most formidable enemies of the Roman state. Strabo refers to Mithradates’ intended military campaign against the Romans up to the Adriatic at an earlier stage of the king’s rule. Mithradates had already contemplated invading Italy at the time of his contacts with Quintus Sertorius in 75 BC; according to Plutarch, Sertorius was compared to Hannibal, Mithradates to Pyrrhus. The last to wage war victoriously against Mithradates was Pompey the Great. Ancient sources refer to the king’s plan of invading Italy across the territories of the Scordisci, Pannonia, and the Alps shortly before the revolt of his son Pharnaces and his own death. As is mentioned by Florus, Mithradates only planned an invasion (not wishing to admit the defeat), but was not able to carry it out. However, during the heyday of his reign such a plan would not have been impossible.
Not much is known about the pre-Roman inhabitants of Emona and their descendants, therefore it is all the more important to collect all available evidence. Epigraphic documents from the Ig area are ...abundant, containing a large selection of indigenous personal names, which, in contrast, are rather scarce at colonia Iulia Emona, but not as scarce as has been assumed. The tombstones with indigenous names in actuality represent 10.7% of all Emonian grave monuments with identifiable names. At least eight monuments with epichoric anthroponymy can be regarded as having been undoubtedly discovered at Ljubljana. The Emona–Ig areas were closely interdependent in the pre-Roman period and it was only with the foundation of a Roman colony at Emona that the earlier connections and identity of the pre-Roman inhabitants of Emona were forcibly disrupted, relegating the majority of them to a marginal existence. However, there were some who managed to integrate themselves into the Roman society, earning enough money to erect a funeral monument for themselves and their families. This was the case of Buio and his wife Lasciontia, as well as of Enno and his wife Cetetiu. There were native families who were given citizenship, transforming their personal names into a gentilicium, as, for example, the Vibunnii. These names and social connections of their bearers shed a most interesting light on life in Emona before it became a Roman city, as well as on various means of integration, when the former inhabitants had to live side by side with the newcomers.
Much of the history of Illyricum, the predecessor of Dalmatia, is obscure and our knowledge limited, but it can be regarded as very likely that at the time of Caesar’s proconsulate no independent and ...administratively regulated province existed in Illyricum, which must have happened after Octavian’s Illyrian War (35-33 BC); earlier, the main masters of Dalmatia had been the Delmatae. In 59 BC, the administration of Cisalpine Gaul and Illyricum, along with three legions, was assigned to Caesar for a period of five years. Histria never belonged to Illyricum, but must have had a specific legal status within the province of Cisalpina. After the sudden death of the consul Q. Caecilius Metellus Celer (consul 60 BC), Caesar was additionally given Transalpine Gaul with one legion. He was mainly interested in Gaul, because he needed recruiting-ground for his wars in Gallia, but he was well aware of the strategic importance of Illyricum, not least due to its closeness to Italy on the one side and to Macedonia on the other. No Roman troops were stationed in Illyricum at that time, which may be regarded as an argument that Illyricum had not been a province in the administrative sense of the word. The informal division of Illyricum probably occurred during, or at the end of, the Pannonian-Dalmatian rebellion (AD 6-9); Illyricum superius was the predecessor of Dalmatia, Illyricum inferius of Pannonia.
“The Disappearing Tombstone and Other Stories from Emona” is a collection of ten stories about real people, who once lived in Emona or the surrounding countryside. These stories shed light on the ...everyday lives and often highly unusual fates of these people. The eleventh story reveals why the Romans believed that Emona had been founded by Jason and his Argonauts. The myth would lead later historians to believe that Emona was older than Rome.The stories are based on the inscriptions from Roman funerary and other monuments, which are kept the lapidarium of the National Museum of Slovenia and in the City Museum of Ljubljana (MGML). The booklet is partly a result of the EAGLE project (“Europeana Network of Ancient Greek and Latin Epigraphy”) and partly of the programme “Archaeological Investigations” of the Institute of Archaeology ZRC SAZU.
Emona was never a Pannonian city; it first belonged to Cisalpine Gaul and since 41 BC to Italy. The bound - ary stone from Bevke, which is most probably dated to the period of Augustus or perhaps ...Tiberius, ultimately confirmed that Emona was already an Italian city in the first half of the first century AD, but it must also have belonged to Italy earlier. There is no decisive evidence to establish the precise time when the town became a Roman colony. The proposed dates range from the time of Octavian after the battle at Actium to the beginning of Tiberius’ reign. While all the arguments supporting the latter hypothesis have proven to be invalid, a terminus ad quem must be sought most probably in the last years of Octavian’s rule, which would also be indicated by the colony’s name Iulia.
Nadgrobna stela Likeja (Liccaeus), sina Vejova, centuriona liburne Lucusta, izložena je u lapidariju u Osoru (Apsorus) na otoku Cresu (Crexi). Bila je objavljena više puta, ali ni jedna od tih objava ...nije uzela u obzir sve raspoložive podatke o mjestu njezina nalaska. Likej i njegov nasljednik Dabal (Dabalus), sin Tritov, nisu pripadali starosjedilačkom stanovništvu otoka, već su mogli potjecati s delmatskog područja. Unatoč tomu, Likej je morao biti istaknuta osoba u Apsoru jer mu je bilo dodijeljeno javno zemljište za njegov pogreb. Njegov je nadgrobni spomenik pronađen u Osoru, a ne u Punti Križa, selu udaljenom kojih 15 km južno od Osora.
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