Knowledge is considered as a source of competitive advantage for the organizations. Organizations put lots of efforts to increase the extent of knowledge sharing among the employees to boost up ...innovation and creativity. Despite all these measures people still hide their knowledge from others in the workplace. So, this study aims to investigate the individual differences which may cause knowledge hiding and the impact of knowledge hiding on the hurt relationship and future withholding of knowledge. The data was collected from 245 full-time teachers of public and private sector universities of Southern Punjab, Pakistan. PLS-SEM was used for data analysis. The results of the study showed that the people who score high for extroversion and openness to experience don’t hide knowledge as compared to people who have a high score on agreeableness, consciousness, and neuroticism. Implications, Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.
This paper examines the indirect effect of interpersonal and informational justice on organizational identification through psychological contract fulfillment across different levels of equity ...sensitivity. The data were collected using self-reported measures from 656 permanent employees working in five commercial banks in Pakistan. The statistical results of the study confirmed that the indirect effect of interpersonal and informational justice on organizational identification through psychological contract fulfillment is significant. However, the statistical results of the study also demonstrated that the indirect effect of interpersonal and informational justice does not differ across different levels of equity sensitivity. This study offers some implications for managers to maintain an effective employment relationship with the employees inside the organizations.
Este artículo analiza el efecto indirecto de la justicia interpersonal e informativa en la identificación con la organización a través del cumplimiento del contrato psicológico en los diferentes niveles de sensibilidad a la equidad. Por medio de medidas de autoinforme se recogieron datos de 656 empleados fijos de cinco bancos comerciales de Paquistán. Los resultados estadísticos del estudio confirman que es significativo el efecto indirecto de la justicia interpersonal e informativa en la identificación con la organización a través del cumplimiento del contrato psicológico. No obstante, dichos resultados demuestran también que el efecto indirecto de la justicia interpersonal e informativa no es distinto en los distintos niveles de sensibilidad a la equidad. El estudio propone algunas implicaciones para que los directivos mantengan una relación eficaz de empleo con los empleados en el seno de las organizaciones.
This study examines the mediating role of supervisory trust between the relationship of supervisory justice & perceived supervisor support and organizational citizenship behavior & commitment to ...supervisor. Drawing on social exchange theory and justice theory, we hypothesize that supervisory justice and perceived supervisor support will significantly affect trust in supervisor which in turn enhances subordinate organizational citizenship behavior and commitment to supervisor. Data was collected from 350 employees of telecommunication sector of Pakistan through a self-administered survey. Structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was applied via LISERL to test the hypothesized model. The results revealed that supervisory justice (interpersonal, and informational justice) and perceived supervisor support are positively and significantly related to organizational citizenship behavior and commitment to supervisor except for supervisory procedural justice. Moreover, trust in supervisor partially mediates the relationship between supervisory justice (interpersonal, and informational justice) & perceived supervisor support and organizational citizenship behavior & commitment to supervisor. However, the mediation of supervisory trust was not supported for supervisory procedural justice and organizational citizenship behavior & commitment to supervisor. Based on the results, theoretical, practical implications, and future research directions are discussed.
Hypercrosslinked polymer (HCP) additives were successfully incorporated into two polymer matrices: glassy polymer with intrinsic microporosity comprising ethanoanthracene and Tröger's base ...(PIM-EA-TB) as well as rubbery polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), forming thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes for organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) applications. The thermal stability and surface morphology of TFN membranes were characterized by TGA and SEM. OSN results showed that HCP additives increased the alcohol permeances for both kinds of membranes as it provided extra pathways for alcohol molecules to transport through the membranes. Particularly, the PIM-EA-TB membrane gained above 32% improvement on methanol and ethanol permeances after loading of 5 wt% HCP, whilst maintaining a rejection of 92% for Rose Bengal. Moreover, the physical aging of PIM-EA-TB membrane was retarded by HCP additives and the swelling of the PDMS membrane in non-polar solvents was reduced. In small quantities, the HCP nanoparticles proved to be effective additives to improve the OSN performances for both glassy and rubbery polymer membranes.
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•Hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs) were incorporated into glassy and rubbery polymer matrices.•HCPs enhanced the separation performances of polymer membranes during organic solvent nanofiltration.•HCPs mitigated physical aging in glassy polymers and swelling of rubbery polymers.•Interaction mechanisms between HCPs and polymer chains at the interface were proposed.
Separation of similar ions through nanofiltration (NF) is advantageous for many different applications such as, resource recovery and the reduction of waste discharge. The production of pigments ...generates a solution comprising of acetate (Ac−) chloride (Cl−) ions, in which the Ac− can be profit as recovered chemical. To recover these ions in this work we propose the use of a hybrid zero liquid discharge (ZLD) system. The ions rejections in this work reached 81.8% and −7.6%, for Ac− and Cl− ions respectively. This selectivity was achieved using NF with a separation ratio of 5.9. The recovery of these chemicals is highly advantageous as it can not only significantly reduce the waste discharge for the pigment industry, but also offset the cost of water treatment. When using mechanical vapor recompression (MVR), a cost is incurred (−0.04 $·t−1) and without the use of MVR a profit is made (2.73 $·t−1). The proposed strategy in this work may shed light on the heavily polluting industry towards environmentally friendly and economical wastewater treatments.
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•Different ionic charge density makes similar ions of Ac− and Cl− separated by NF.•Similar ion separation combining ZLD system turns wastewater into “treasure”.•The ZLD system makes the enterprise's investment cost decrease significantly.
Abstract This paper examines the indirect effect of interpersonal and informational justice on organizational identification through psychological contract fulfillment across different levels of ...equity sensitivity. The data were collected using self-reported measures from 656 permanent employees working in five commercial banks in Pakistan. The statistical results of the study confirmed that the indirect effect of interpersonal and informational justice on organizational identification through psychological contract fulfillment is significant. However, the statistical results of the study also demonstrated that the indirect effect of interpersonal and informational justice does not differ across different levels of equity sensitivity. This study offers some implications for managers to maintain an effective employment relationship with the employees inside the organizations.
House flies are one of the major public health pests in urban settings. People usually use insecticides containing pyrethroids for the management of house flies; however, there is a lack of ...information on pyrethroid resistance in house flies from urban areas. In the present study, resistance to four pyrethroids (beta-cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, permethrin, transfluthrin) was assessed in house flies collected from urban areas of Punjab, Pakistan. Significant levels of resistance to all the pyrethroids were found in different strains of house flies. The resistance ratios (RRs) at the median lethal dose (LD
50
) level were in the range of 5.25- to 11.02-fold for beta-cyfluthrin, 7.22- to 19.31-fold for deltamethrin, 5.36- to 16.04-fold for permethrin, and 9.05- to 35.50-fold for transfluthrin. Pairwise comparison of the log LD
50
s revealed a highly significant correlation (
p
< 0.01) between deltamethrin and permethrin, suggesting the possibility of a cross-resistance mechanism. The results revealed the occurrence of pyrethroid resistance in house flies from urban areas of Punjab. Regular resistance monitoring surveys and integrated approaches for the management of house flies are needed to retain the efficacy of these insecticides for a longer period of time.
Maculopathy is the excessive damage to macula that leads to blindness. It mostly occurs due to retinal edema (RE), central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR), or age related macular degeneration (ARMD). ...Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging is the latest eye testing technique that can detect these syndromes in early stages. Many researchers have used OCT images to detect retinal abnormalities. However, to the best of our knowledge, no research that presents a fully automated system to detect all of these macular syndromes is reported. This paper presents the world’s first ever decision support system to automatically detect RE, CSCR, and ARMD retinal pathologies and healthy retina from OCT images. The automated disease diagnosis in our proposed system is based on multilayered support vector machines (SVM) classifier trained on 40 labeled OCT scans (10 healthy, 10 RE, 10 CSCR, and 10 ARMD). After training, SVM forms an accurate decision about the type of retinal pathology using 9 extracted features. We have tested our proposed system on 2819 OCT scans (1437 healthy, 640 RE, and 742 CSCR) of 502 patients from two different datasets and our proposed system correctly diagnosed 2817/2819 subjects with the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity ratings of 99.92%, 100%, and 99.86%, respectively.
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