Bu çalışmanın amacı bitkisel ve süt bazlı protein kaynakları kullanılarak peynir benzeri ürünlerin geliştirilmesidir. Bu amaçla, rennet kazein ve nohut unu kullanılarak üretilen peynirlerin bazı ...fizikokimyasal, mikrobiyolojik, aroma ve duyusal özelliklerinde meydana gelen değişimler 60 gün depolama süresince incelenmiştir. Peynir örneklerinin uçucu bileşenleri gaz kromatogrofisi-kütle spektrometresi ile saptanmıştır. Peynirlerin duyusal özellikleri ise duyusal spectrum analizi metodu ile belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, depolama süresince tüm peynir örneklerine ait L, Hue ve Chroma değerlerinde önemli bir değişim belirlenmezken, depolama süresine bağlı olarak sertlik, kırılganlık, sakızımsılık ve çiğnenebilirlik değerlerinde önemli düzeyde bir düşüşün meydana geldiği gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca, peynirlerin suda çözünür azot, toplam serbest yağ asitliği değerleri, toplam mezofilik aerobik bakteri ve maya-küf sayılarında ise önemli bir artışın meydana geldiği tespit edilmiştir. Süt bazlı protein kaynağı kullanılarak üretilen peynirlerde hekzanal, 2-heptanon, 2-etil hekzanol ve oktanoik asit; bitkisel protein bazlı peynirlerde ise asetik asit, p-simen, γ-terpinen, linalool ve timol yüksek konsantrasyonda belirlenen aroma maddeleridir. Süt proteini bazlı peynir benzeri üründe tatlı, tuzlu ve ekşi tatlar ile birlikte kremamsı ve kazein aromalarının yüksek yoğunlukta olduğu belirlenirken bitkisel protein bazlı peynir benzeri üründe ise tuzlu tat ile baharat ve hububat aromalarının yüksek yoğunlukta olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Her iki peynir benzeri ürünün duyusal nitelikler açısından kabul edilebilir olduğu saptanmıştır.
By sequencing 727 ancient individuals from the Southern Arc (Anatolia and its neighbors in Southeastern Europe and West Asia) over 10,000 years, we contextualize its Chalcolithic period and Bronze ...Age (about 5000 to 1000 BCE), when extensive gene flow entangled it with the Eurasian steppe. Two streams of migration transmitted Caucasus and Anatolian/Levantine ancestry northward, and the Yamnaya pastoralists, formed on the steppe, then spread southward into the Balkans and across the Caucasus into Armenia, where they left numerous patrilineal descendants. Anatolia was transformed by intra-West Asian gene flow, with negligible impact of the later Yamnaya migrations. This contrasts with all other regions where Indo-European languages were spoken, suggesting that the homeland of the Indo-Anatolian language family was in West Asia, with only secondary dispersals of non-Anatolian Indo-Europeans from the steppe.
Structural, electrical, elastic, optical, and dynamical properties of LiSiB half-Heusler compound were analyzed based on density functional theory implemented in Quantum Espresso and ABINIT package ...programs. The effects of exchange–correlation interactions are handled by the generalized gradient approximation with Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof parametrization. Firstly, the structure of this half-Heusler compound has been optimized and our results indicate that LiSiB reveals semiconducting behavior with an indirect band gap of 0.21 eV. The elastic constants, and other elastic modules have been computed. The mechanical stabilities of these alloys have been theoretically confirmed. The phonon dispersion spectra and phonon density of states in the Brillouin zone have been obtained and discussed. Also, the optical properties were calculated, and the results showed that the LiSiB alloy has a strong optical transition and the LiSiB crystal could be used in the design of optoelectronic devices. There are no results found on elastic, optical, and phonon features of LiSiB in the literature; hence, the findings reported here shed light on future studies.
Study designProspective intervention study.ObjectivesThe study aimed to assess the effect of Andago on balance, overground walking speed, independence levels, fear of falling, and quality of life in ...patients with acute motor incomplete Spinal Cord Injury.SettingThe study was conducted in Ankara/Türkiye.MethodsFive participants, classified as AIS D, underwent an eight-week treatment regimen, including three days a week of Andago-assisted walking and balance exercises, supplemented by two days a week of 40-minute sessions of conventional in-bed exercises.ResultsBerg Balance Scale scores increased significantly by 129% (p = 0.043). Overground walking speed calculated from 10MWT improved by 33% (p = 0.042). WISCI II levels improved significantly compared to baseline scores (p = 0.041). In the mobility subscale of SCIM III, the total SCIM III scores increased significantly (p = 0.042, p = 0.043, respectively). However, there was no significant improvement in WHOQOL-BREF scores (p = 0.080).ConclusionsThe use of Andago facilitated functional progress in patients with acute incomplete SCI, emphasizing the importance of challenging balance and walking activities in triggering motor learning.
Literary and archaeological sources have preserved a rich history of Southern Europe and West Asia since the Bronze Age that can be complemented by genetics. Mycenaean period elites in Greece did not ...differ from the general population and included both people with some steppe ancestry and others, like the Griffin Warrior, without it. Similarly, people in the central area of the Urartian Kingdom around Lake Van lacked the steppe ancestry characteristic of the kingdom's northern provinces. Anatolia exhibited extraordinary continuity down to the Roman and Byzantine periods, with its people serving as the demographic core of much of the Roman Empire, including the city of Rome itself. During medieval times, migrations associated with Slavic and Turkic speakers profoundly affected the region.
We present the first ancient DNA data from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of Mesopotamia (Southeastern Turkey and Northern Iraq), Cyprus, and the Northwestern Zagros, along with the first data from ...Neolithic Armenia. We show that these and neighboring populations were formed through admixture of pre-Neolithic sources related to Anatolian, Caucasus, and Levantine hunter-gatherers, forming a Neolithic continuum of ancestry mirroring the geography of West Asia. By analyzing Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic populations of Anatolia, we show that the former were derived from admixture between Mesopotamian-related and local Epipaleolithic-related sources, but the latter experienced additional Levantine-related gene flow, thus documenting at least two pulses of migration from the Fertile Crescent heartland to the early farmers of Anatolia.
Abstract Background The relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) has been investigated less than asthma-GER. We aimed to ...evaluate the presence of GER in patients with COPD and its impact on exacerbations. Methods We included 24 patients with stable mild-moderate stage COPD and 19 volunteers as the control group. We conducted a gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptom questionnaire, gastroscopy, manometry, and an ambulatory 24-h pH-impedance study. Results According to the GERD questionnaire, only 5 (20.8%) patients with COPD had typical GER symptoms. According to the 24-h pH-impedance study, the mean DeMeester score (DMS) was 38.1 ± 34.6 in the COPD group and 13.3 ± 16.8 in the control group (p = 0.01). The acid reflux (DMS > 14.7) rate was higher in patients with COPD than in controls (73.9% vs 26.3%, p = 0.01). The symptom association probability positivity rate was 17.4% (n = 4) in the COPD group, which was similar to the controls (p = 0.11). The mean proximal extension rate of reflux (Z 17 cm) was 26.4 ± 12.9% in the COPD group. The proximal extent of reflux was positively correlated with the number of COPD exacerbations per year (p = 0.03, r = 0.448). In the motility results, only 2 (20%) patients in the control group had a minor motility disorder. Seventeen (70.8%) patients in the COPD group had a minor motility disorder, and 4 (16.7%) had major motility disorders (p < 0.001). Conclusion In our study, gastroesophageal reflux was frequent in patients with COPD, but only a quarter had typical reflux symptoms. The proximal extent of reflux may trigger frequent exacerbations of COPD.
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