O setor rodoviário representa o maior meio de transporte utilizado no Brasil, tanto para pessoas como para cargas. As modificações, nas últimas décadas, de cargas máximas e materiais utilizados em ...pavimentos rodoviários, torna necessário um estudo mecânico dessas estruturas para garantir sua durabilidade. A determinação do módulo de resiliência destes materiais (necessários nos estudos mecânicos) pode ser realizada por meio de ensaios laboratoriais ou por retroanálise de bacias deflectométricas obtidas em ensaios não destrutivos de campo. Assim, diversos programas computacionais podem ser utilizados para calcular as tensões, deformações e deslocamentos que ocorrem na estrutura com a aplicação de cargas. São exemplos destes programas o EverStress 5.0 e o EFin3D, baseados nos Métodos das Camadas Finitas e dos Elementos Finitos, respectivamente. Neste trabalho, realizou-se um estudo comparativo de características elásticas obtidas em laboratório e em campo, sobretudo para estabelecer as diferenças na extrapolação de escalas. Este estudo foi realizado para uma seção de pavimento existente na BR-101/SE, construída com revestimento com ligante modificado por SBS e base de BGTC, para o qual foi avaliado o efeito destas diferenças em termo de tensões, deformações e deslocamentos calculados para cada situação. Pôde-se observar uma variabilidade importante de comportamento da estrutura em campo, principalmente de camada de BGTC e a subjacente a ela. A camada de revestimento também se comportou diferente na comparação campo-laboratório.
The access of People with Disabilities (PwD) to specialized care services was analyzed on the basis of the availability-accommodation and adequacy dimensions. This is a case study with a qualitative ...approach and triangulation of sources based on documentary research, data from the Health Information Systems and semi-structured interviews with managers, health professionals and PwD. There was an expansion of rehabilitation services in Recife, although it was not possible to analyze the production capacity of such services. The findings point to the existence of architectural and urban barriers and insufficient resources in the services studied. Furthermore, there is a long waiting time for specialized care and difficult access to assistive technologies. It was also observed that professionals have low qualifications to meet the needs of PwD and a process of permanent education in different levels of complexity has not been instituted for workers. The conclusion drawn is that the institution of the Municipal Policy of Comprehensive Health Care for the PwD was insufficient to guarantee access to health services with continuity of care, considering the permanence of the fragmentation of the care network, thus violating the right to health of this segment.
A lei brasileira proíbe interações homem x fauna sem autorização formal, exceto o abate para saciar a fome de pessoa necessitada. Criminalizam-se, assim, diversas práticas tradicionais (caça, ...captura, consumo, comércio e criação de animais silvestres), ligadas a estilos de vida e sociabilidades divergentes do padrão estabelecido. Reconhecendo imprecisões na delimitação das categorias jurídicas “legal” e “ilegal”, o artigo critica sua absorção pelo discurso científico e propõe substituí-las por categorias remetidas à racionalidade do agente que interage com a fauna: próxima ou distante, em sucessivos graus, da lógica de mercado. Ao revelar a diversidade de situações até então indistintamente rotuladas como crimes ambientais, tais categorias dariam visibilidade a grupos sociais marginalizados, viabilizando sua valorização como atores legítimos na interlocução com a pesquisa científica e com programas de manejo participativo do ambiente.
Laboratory confirmation of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy is challenging due to cross-reactivity with dengue virus (DENV) and limited knowledge about the kinetics of anti-Zika antibody ...responses during pregnancy. We described ZIKV and DENV serological markers and the maternal-fetal transfer of antibodies among mothers and neonates after the ZIKV microcephaly outbreak in Northeast Brazil (2016). We included 89 microcephaly cases and 173 neonate controls at time of birth and their mothers. Microcephaly cases were defined as newborns with a particular head circumference (2 SD below the mean). Two controls without microcephaly were matched by the expected date of delivery and area of residence. We tested maternal serum for recent (ZIKV genome, IgM and IgG3 anti-NS1) and previous (ZIKV and DENV neutralizing antibodies NAbs) markers of infection. Multiple markers of recent or previous ZIKV and DENV infection in mothers were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). At delivery, 5.6% of microcephaly case mothers and 1.7% of control mothers were positive for ZIKV IgM. Positivity for ZIKV IgG3 anti-NS1 was 8.0% for case mothers and 3.5% for control mothers. ZIKV NAbs was slightly higher among mothers of cases (69.6%) than that of mothers of controls (57.2%; p = 0.054). DENV exposure was detected in 85.8% of all mothers. PCA discriminated two distinct components related to recent or previous ZIKV infection and DENV exposure. ZIKV NAbs were higher in newborns than in their corresponding mothers (p<0.001). We detected a high frequency of ZIKV exposure among mothers after the first wave of the ZIKV outbreak in Northeast Brazil. However, we found low sensitivity of the serological markers to recent infection (IgM and IgG3 anti-NS1) in perinatal samples of mothers of microcephaly cases. Since the neutralization test cannot precisely determine the time of infection, testing for ZIKV immune status should be performed as early as possible and throughout pregnancy to monitor acute Zika infection in endemic areas.
Probiotic supplementation arises as playing an immune-stimulatory role. High-intensity and -volume exercise can inhibit immune cell function, which threatens athletic performance and recovery. We ...hypothesized that 30 days of probiotic supplementation could stabilize the immune system of athletes preventing immune suppression after a marathon race. Twenty-seven male marathonists were double-blinded randomly into probiotic (Bifidobacterium-animalis-subsp.-Lactis (10 × 10
) and Lactobacillus-Acidophilus (10 × 10
) + 5 g of maltodextrin) and placebo (5 g of maltodextrin) group. They received 30 sachets and supplemented 1 portion/day during 30 days before the race. Blood were collected 30 days before (rest), 1 day before (pre), 1 h after (post) and 5 days after the race (recovery). Both chronic and acute exercise modulated a different T lymphocyte population (CD3
CD4
CD8
T-cells), increasing pre-race, decreasing post and returning to rest values at the recovery. The total number of CD8 T cell and the memory subsets statistically decreased only in the placebo group post-race. Pro-inflammatory cytokine production by stimulated lymphocytes decreased in the probiotic group after the supplementation period. 30 days of probiotic supplementation maintained CD8 T cell and effector memory cell population and played an immunomodulatory role in stimulated lymphocytes. Both, training and marathon modulated a non-classical lymphocyte population regardless of probiotic supplementation.
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