Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a public health issue attributed to the misuse of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine. Since AMR surveillance requires a One Health approach, we sampled ...nine interconnected compartments at a hydrological open-air lab (HOAL) in Austria to obtain six bacterial species included in the WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). Whole genome sequencing-based typing included core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST). Genetic and phenotypic characterization of AMR was performed for all isolates. Eighty-nine clinically-relevant bacteria were obtained from eight compartments including 49 E. coli, 27 E. faecalis, 7 K. pneumoniae and 6 E. faecium. Clusters of isolates from the same species obtained in different sample collection dates were detected. Of the isolates, 29.2% were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. E. coli and E. faecalis isolates from different compartments had acquired antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) associated with veterinary drugs such as aminoglycosides and tetracyclines, some of which were carried in conjugative and mobilizable plasmids. Three multidrug resistant (MDR) E. coli isolates were found in samples from field drainage and wastewater. Early detection of ARGs and ARB in natural and farm-related environments can identify hotspots of AMR and help prevent its emergence and dissemination along the food/feed chain.
The
complex comprises several closely related entities, which are ubiquitous in the natural environment, including in plants, animals, and humans.
is the major species within this complex.
strains ...are opportunistic pathogens and a common cause of healthcare-associated infections.
can colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, which may become a reservoir for infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the fecal
carriage in six healthy individuals during a 1 year period. Stool samples were obtained once a week. Using direct and pre-enriched cultures streaked on ampicillin-supplemented agar plates, up to eight individual colonies per positive sample were selected for further characterization. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed for strain characterization. Sequence type (ST), core genome complex type (CT), K and O serotypes, virulence traits, antibiotic resistance profiles, and plasmids were extracted from WGS data. In total, 80
isolates were obtained from 48 positive cultures of 278 stool samples from five of the six test subjects. The samples of the five colonized volunteers yielded at most two, three, four (two persons), and five different strains, respectively. These 80
isolates belonged to 60 STs, including nine new STs; they were of 70 CTs, yielded 48 K serotypes, 11 O serotypes, and 39
and 51
alleles. Four of the five subjects harbored serotypes K20 and K47, as well as STs ST37, ST101, ST1265, and ST20, which had previously been linked to high-risk
clones. In total, 25 genes conferring antibiotic resistance and 42 virulence genes were detected among all 80 isolates. Plasmids of 15 different types were found among 65 of the isolates. Fecal carriage of individual strains was of short duration: 70 strains were found on a single sampling day only, and 5 strains were isolated in samples collected over two consecutive weeks. Two of the five colonized individuals-working colleagues having meals together-shared identical
types four times during the study period. Our findings point toward the potential role of food as a reservoir for
in humans.
The composition of vagina lactic acid bacteria (LAB) differs within the different ethnic group. This study is aimed at determining the prevalence of LAB with their antimicrobial properties in ...Nigerian women's vagina during different stages of the menstrual cycle. Microorganisms were isolated from vaginal swabs of ten Nigerian women during different stages of the menstrual cycle and identified by partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The antimicrobial properties of the LAB were tested against the multidrug-resistant uropathogens. The prevalence of LAB was higher during ovulation period while during menstruation period, it declined. Twenty-five LAB isolates were identified as three species, namely: Lactobacillusplantarum (15), Lactobacillus fermentum (9), Lactobacillus brevis (1) and one acetic acid bacteria--Acetobacter pasteurianus. The LAB had antimicrobial activities against the three uropathogens with zones of inhibition from 8 to 22 mm. The presence of LAB inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus sp. GF01 also in the co-culture. High LAB counts were found during ovulation period with L. plantarum as a dominant species while during menstruation, there was a decrease in the LAB counts. The isolated LAB has antimicrobial properties against the urogenital pathogens tested thus exhibiting their potential protective role against uropathogens. Key words: menstrual cycle, Nigerian women, lactobacilli, uropathogens
Listeria monocytogenes strains (n = 117) were screened for the presence of stress survival islet 1 (SSI-1). SSI-1⁺ strains (32.5%) belonged mainly to serotypes 1/2c, 3b, and 3c. All sequence type 121 ...(ST-121) strains included (n = 7) possessed homologues to Listeria innocua genes lin0464 and lin0465 instead of SSI-1.
The increasing emergence of multiresistant bacteria in health care settings in the community and in the environment represents a major health threat worldwide. Here, we report the draft genome ...sequence of a community-acquired methicillin-resistant
(CA-MRSA) USA300 isolate (W1) from a small river in southern Austria.
is a human colonizer with high potential for virulence, and the spread of the virulent strains from the colonized hosts to non-carriers in the community is on the increase. However, there are few ...reports on comprehensive analysis of staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes with clonal lineage in
in Africa. This is essential because of diversity of cultures and habits of the people. This study analyzed spa types and enterotoxin genes in
strains previously isolated from the human nostrils, poultry and clinical samples in Southern Nigeria.
Forty-seven
isolates were obtained from humans nostrils (
= 13), clinical strains (
= 21) and poultry (
= 13) from previous studies in Southern Nigeria. The strains were analyzed for
gene, selected toxins genes (
and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene
lukS-PV/lukF-PV
by PCR. Population structures of the strains were detected by Staphylococcal protein A (
) typing.
Twenty different spa types were obtained with the highest percentages, 17% observed in
type t091 from clinical, nasal and poultry samples while t069 was the most prevalent spa type in poultry. Two MRSA were only detected in human strains. The poultry strains had the highest occurrence of SE genes (18%) followed by nasal strains (15%) and clinical strains (10%). Eighty-nine percent of all tested isolates harbored at least one SE gene;
was the most prevalent (34%) followed by
(30%) and
(21%), while
and
were absent in all strains. Spa type t355 was associated with
gene and complete absence of all studied SE.
were associated with spa type t069;
was associated with t127 while
was associated with spa type t091. There were coexistences of
and
.
The higher carriage of staphylococci enterotoxin genes by the nasal and poultry
strains suggests a high potential of spread of staphylococcal food poisoning through poultry and healthy carriers in the community. This is the first report of high occurrence of staphylococcal enterotoxins genes in poultry from Nigeria.
Marine mammals have been described as sentinels of the health of marine ecosystems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate (i) the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and ...AmpC-producing Enterobacterales, which comprise several bacterial families important to the healthcare sector, as well as (ii) the presence of Salmonella in these coastal animals. The antimicrobial resistance pheno- and genotypes, as well as biocide susceptibility of Enterobacterales isolated from stranded marine mammals, were determined prior to their rehabilitation. All E. coli isolates (n = 27) were screened for virulence genes via DNA-based microarray, and twelve selected E. coli isolates were analyzed by whole-genome sequencing. Seventy-one percent of the Enterobacterales isolates exhibited a multidrug-resistant (MDR) pheno- and genotype. The gene blaCMY (n = 51) was the predominant β-lactamase gene. In addition, blaTEM-1 (n = 38), blaSHV-33 (n = 8), blaCTX-M-15 (n = 7), blaOXA-1 (n = 7), blaSHV-11 (n = 3), and blaDHA-1 (n = 2) were detected. The most prevalent non-β-lactamase genes were sul2 (n = 38), strA (n = 34), strB (n = 34), and tet(A) (n = 34). Escherichia coli isolates belonging to the pandemic sequence types (STs) ST38, ST167, and ST648 were identified. Among Salmonella isolates (n = 18), S. Havana was the most prevalent serotype. The present study revealed a high prevalence of MDR bacteria and the presence of pandemic high-risk clones, both of which are indicators of anthropogenic antimicrobial pollution, in marine mammals.
The occurrence of multidrug-resistant
strains producing metallo-β-lactamases or extended-spectrum β-lactamases represents a serious public health threat. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of ...a multidrug-resistant carbapenemase-producing
isolate recovered from the bronchoalveolar lavage specimen of a patient suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Numbers of listeriosis illnesses have been increasing in Germany and the European Union during the last decade. In addition, reports on the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in Listeria ...monocytogenes in clinical and environmental isolates are accumulating. The susceptibility towards 14 antibiotics was tested in a selection of clinical L. monocytogenes isolates to get a more precise picture of the development and manifestation of antibiotic resistance in the L. monocytogenes population. Based on the population structure determined by core genome multi locus sequence typing (cgMLST) 544 out of 1220 sequenced strains collected in Germany between 2009 and 2019 were selected to cover the phylogenetic diversity observed in the clinical L. monocytogenes population. All isolates tested were susceptible towards ampicillin, penicillin and co-trimoxazole - the most relevant antibiotics in the treatment of listeriosis. Resistance to daptomycin and ciprofloxacin was observed in 493 (91%) and in 71 (13%) of 544 isolates, respectively. While all tested strains showed resistance towards ceftriaxone, their resistance levels varied widely between 4 mg/L and >128 mg/L. An allelic variation of the penicillin binding protein gene pbpB3 was identified as the cause of this difference in ceftriaxone resistance levels. This study is the first population structure-guided analysis of antimicrobial resistance in recent clinical isolates and confirms the importance of penicillin binding protein B3 (PBP B3) for the high level of intrinsic cephalosporin resistance of L. monocytogenes on a population-wide scale.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the diversity of broad-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant
spp. isolated from horses in Austria that originated from diseased horses. A total of seven ...non-repetitive cefotaxime-resistant
sp. isolates were obtained during diagnostic activities from autumn 2012 to October 2019. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed. The isolates were genotyped by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Four out of seven
isolates were identified as
, two as
and one as
. All isolates displayed a multi-drug resistant phenotype. The detection of resistance genes reflected well the phenotypic resistance profiles of the respective isolates. All but one isolate displayed the extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) phenotype and carried CTX-M cefotaximases, whereas one isolate displayed an ESBL and AmpC phenotype and carried cephamycinase (CMY)-2 and sulfhydryl variable (SHV)-type b and Temoniera (TEM) β-lactamases. Among
isolates, for different sequence types (ST) could be detected (ST147, ST307, ST1228, and a new ST4848). Besides resistance genes, a variety of virulence genes, including genes coding for yersiniabactin were detected. Considering the high proximity between horses and humans, our results undoubtedly identified a public health issue. This deserves to be also monitored in the years to come.
PDF
