Pandemija COVID-19 negativno je utjecala na zdravstvo i ekonomiju na globalnoj razini što je dovelo do značajnih turbulencija u poslovnom sektoru. Pandemija je stvorila novi okvir i kreirala nove ...izazove vršeći pritisak na poslovanje u svim sektorima, izravno utječući na prihode, profitabilnost i likvidnost. Likvidnost poduzeća je iznenada postala izazov poslovanja za poduzeća diljem svijeta, a osiguravanje likvidnosti je postao ključni čimbenik preživljavanja poduzeća. U svrhu očuvanja stabilnosti gospodarstva tijekom pandemije COVID-19, vlade brojnih zemalja, pa tako i Republike Hrvatske, kreirale su politike usmjerene na ublažavanje njenih posljedica na gospodarstvo. Između ostalih, pružene su državne potpore koje su direktno bile usmjerene na održavanje likvidnosti mikro, malih i srednjih poduzeća (MSP) u Republici Hrvatskoj, koja su predstavljala najugroženiju skupinu. Poduzeća koja posluju u područjima i u djelatnostima koja imaju značajnu ovisnost o turizmu su bila posebno pogođena, doživljavajući najintenzivniji negativni utjecaj na poslovanje. Cilj rada je dati pregled postojećih istraživanja u kontekstu utjecaja pandemije COVID-19 na poslovanje i istraživanja o učinkovitosti državnih potpora za vrijeme pandemije. Također, ovim istraživanjem se željela ispitati učinkovitost državnih potpora za očuvanje likvidnosti na likvidnost poduzeća u Republici Hrvatskoj koja posluju u djelatnosti pružanja smještaja te pripreme i usluživanja hrane. Rezultati su pokazali kako su mjere za održavanje likvidnosti bile učinkovite pošto su poduzeća koja su koristila navedene mjere imala značajno manje probleme s likvidnošću naspram onih koja nisu. Daljnja istraživanja bi se trebala usmjeriti na ispitivanje učinka svih državnih potpora u RH na likvidnost poduzeća za vrijeme pandemije COVID-19.
The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the global economy, which has led to significant turbulence in the business sector by creating new challenges, directly affecting revenues, profitability and liquidity. Company’s liquidity has suddenly become a challenge for businesses around the world, and securing liquidity has become a key factor to economic survival. In order to preserve the stability of the economy during the pandemic, the governments of numerous countries have created policies aimed at mitigating its effects on the economy. Among others, state subsidies that were directly aimed at maintaining the liquidity of micro, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Republic of Croatia were provided. Companies that operate in industries that have a significant dependence on tourism sector were particularly affected, experiencing the most intense negative impact on business. The goal of this research is to provide an overview of existing research regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on business and on the effectiveness of state aid during the pandemic. This research examines the effectiveness of state aid for preserving companies’ liquidity in the Republic of Croatia that operate in the industry of providing accommodation and preparing and serving food. The results showed that the measures to maintain liquidity were effective since the companies that used aid for maintaining liquidity had significantly fewer problems with liquidity compared to those that did not. Further research should focus on examining the effect of all government subsidies in the Republic of Croatia on the liquidity during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the global economy, which has led to significant turbulence in the business sector by creating new challenges, directly affecting revenues, ...profitability and liquidity. Company’s liquidity has suddenly become a challenge for businesses around the world, and securing liquidity has become a key factor to economic survival. In order to preserve the stability of the economy during the pandemic, the governments of numerous countries have created policies aimed at mitigating its effects on the economy. Among others, state subsidies that were directly aimed at maintaining the liquidity of micro, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Republic of Croatia were provided. Companies that operate in industries that have a significant dependence on tourism sector were particularly affected, experiencing the most intense negative impact on business. The goal of this research is to provide an overview of existing research regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on business and on the effectiveness of state aid during the pandemic. This research examines the effectiveness of state aid for preserving companies’ liquidity in the Republic of Croatia that operate in the industry of providing accommodation and preparing and serving food. The results showed that the measures to maintain liquidity were effective since the companies that used aid for maintaining liquidity had significantly fewer problems with liquidity compared to those that did not. Further research should focus on examining the effect of all government subsidies in the Republic of Croatia on the liquidity during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The objective of this study is to determine the impact of demographic and socio- psychological characteristics on consumers’ ethnocentric tendencies. The research was conducted within Croatia among ...the residents living in the Split-Dalmatia County. The data was collected from 420 respondents using a questionnaire based on the CETSCALE measurement. Hypotheses were tested in order to investigate differences in consumers’ ethnocentric tendencies with regards to two demographic characteristics (age and level of education) and two socio-psychological characteristics (foreign travel experience and in- terest to travel abroad). Both hypotheses related to age and education were supported. Moreover, the findings show that respondents with higher level of education have higher tendencies of consumer ethnocentrism than those with lower level of education. Findings also show that younger people have more pronounced tendencies of consumer ethnocentrism than older people, which is not in accordance with previous research. Both hypotheses of the socio-psychological characteristics were also supported. The research suggests that people traveling abroad and having a more expressed interest to travel abroad have a higher degree of consumer ethnocentrism than those who travel less and have a lower desire to travel abroad.
Purpose
Extant literature informs that expatriates develop a natural inclination towards host country food with increased acculturation. However, this study argues that expatriates might have ...divergent goals in different domains of food adaptation (private vs public), which eventually sheds new light on their acculturation process. This paper aims to investigate how expatriate's adaptation in private vis-a-vis public domain influences their food consumption behavior.
Design/methodology/approach
This study draws on the optimal distinctiveness theory and domain-specific view of adaptation and tests the food adaptation outcomes of expatriates’ acculturation through social interactions with the local community. A survey was conducted among 120 expatriate newcomers currently living and working in the Middle East.
Findings
The findings show that acculturation positively influences food adaptation in the private (local food consumption), whereas its relationship with food adaptation in the public domain (local restaurant visits) assumes an inverted U-shape. Furthermore, the authors find that the latter relationship is negatively moderated by expatriate’s overall experience and positively moderated by uncertainty avoidance, which also unfolds situations when an expatriate follows social identification vis-à-vis differentiation pattern.
Originality/value
This work goes beyond the traditional focus on acculturation through social identification and provides evidence that differentiation effects must also be accounted for. The authors argue and provide empirical evidence that expatriates’ greater social interactions with the local community result in different food adaptation outcomes when private vs public consumption domains are considered. In addition, by analyzing the moderating effects of expatriate experience and uncertainty avoidance, the authors further provide evidence on when social identification vis-à-vis differentiation prevails.
In this paper we explore the insufficiently addressed domain of expatriates’ preference for local (host country) food. Extant literature on this segment of consumers shows that tensions created by ...moving abroad are also reflected in their varying preference for host country foods. By drawing on social identity theory, we investigate how a cosmopolitan identity drives a preference for host country food under the contingent effects of an expatriate's experiential capital and host country's retail development. Based on a unique dataset of 293 expatriates living in six countries of the Greater Middle East, the findings from binary logistic regression model show that cosmopolitanism significantly explains expatriate's preference for host country food. We also show that the dimensions of experiential capital have countervailing moderating effects on this relationship whereas in countries with lower levels of retail development, the relationship between cosmopolitanism and expatriates’ preference for host country food becomes stronger. The findings of this study imply that cosmopolitan expatriates should not be considered a uniform segment as previous studies have advocated. Eventually, this study offers valuable contributions to literature that investigates the influence of socio‐cultural identities in food consumption as well as to literature dealing with expatriate consumer behaviour.
PDF
