To clarify the usefulness of the second-generation photosensitizer, mono-L-aspartyl chlorin e6 (NPe6), we examined the possibility of photodynamic diagnosis and photodynamic therapy for intestinal ...tumors in a mouse model.
NPe6 was intravenously administered to the tumor-bearing mice through the tail vein. The intestinal tumor sites were irradiated with a 664-nm diode laser at constant intervals after the administration of photosensitizers. The tumors were excised and fluorescence was observed in frozen sections by microscope.
We observed the fluorescent image and calculated that the mean fluorescence intensity was significantly higher in the tumors than the normal mucosa during 6 hours (p < 0.05). The fluorescence of NPe6 was chiefly accumulated in the intestinal tumors as red fluorescence on the fluorescent microphotographic image.
We conclude that NPe6 may be a valuable photosensitizer for the photodynamic diagnosis and photodynamic therapy of intestinal tumors.
Xtend is one of the two telescopes onboard the X-ray imaging and spectroscopy mission (XRISM), which was launched on September 7th, 2023. Xtend comprises the Soft X-ray Imager (SXI), an X-ray CCD ...camera, and the X-ray Mirror Assembly (XMA), a thin-foil-nested conically approximated Wolter-I optics. A large field of view of \(38^{\prime}\times38^{\prime}\) over the energy range from 0.4 to 13 keV is realized by the combination of the SXI and XMA with a focal length of 5.6 m. The SXI employs four P-channel, back-illuminated type CCDs with a thick depletion layer of 200 \(\mu\)m. The four CCD chips are arranged in a 2\(\times\)2 grid and cooled down to \(-110\) \(^{\circ}\)C with a single-stage Stirling cooler. Before the launch of XRISM, we conducted a month-long spacecraft thermal vacuum test. The performance verification of the SXI was successfully carried out in a course of multiple thermal cycles of the spacecraft. About a month after the launch of XRISM, the SXI was carefully activated and the soundness of its functionality was checked by a step-by-step process. Commissioning observations followed the initial operation. We here present pre- and post-launch results verifying the Xtend performance. All the in-orbit performances are consistent with those measured on ground and satisfy the mission requirement. Extensive calibration studies are ongoing.
Hydrothermally altered rocks are rich in arsenic (As). Thus the leaching of As from the rocks as muck may affect the surrounding soil and groundwater. The objective of this study is to clarify the ...leaching behavior of As for eleven crushed rock samples collected in Hokkaido by batch leaching experiments. The results showed that the As concentration in the leachate correlated with the As and sulfur (S) contents in rock and the SO42- and Fe concentrations in leachate, and that pyrite was detected in the rock samples that contained more sulfur. The As was also observed in the pyrite grain of the rock samples by SEM-EDX. This suggests that the mechanism of As release from altered igneous rocks used in the present work is partly explained by the congruent dissolution with pyrite that contains As as impurities. The higher correlation between As concentration in the leachate and As content in the rock means that the As content is used as an effective indicator of the necessity of leaching experiments.
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