There is a lack of reliable data in agribusiness regarding the economic efficiency of horse breeding, and this limits its further development. The purpose of this study was to create rational ...parameters for the development of productive horse breeding as an effective agricultural business, in particular, in relation to farms.
The methods of investigation used were induction and deduction, as well as analytical, statistical, and economic-mathematical analysis. We also used the dynamics of time series, CVP analysis, direct costing, and microeconomic analysis. Data were taken from the Russian Federation's official statistics on animal husbandry as well as closed (commercial) data of agricultural enterprises from our study region.
Horse ownership in the Republic of Bashkortostan is higher than in the rest of Russia with about 9% of the total number of horses in Russia. We found that landowners need one hectare of arable land to ensure profit and that the highest economic income occurs on farms specializing in kumis production. The production of kumis under intensive farming is less profitable than with free-range horses kept in pastures. Family farms need a large amount of arable land with natural foliage to balance space and profit.
Successful implementation of these parameters will make it possible to turn agriculture into successful horse breeding businesses. The expected volume of agricultural production may be approximately 9-11 thousand US dollars per employee.
The paper describes the current level of small farm business development in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Bashkortostan. The existing regulatory framework provides a wide range of ...measures to implement state support for the agricultural sector. The state aid mechanism and influence on the efficiency of agricultural production in microenterprises, budget efficiency, the need and prospects for directing budget funds for the development of small agricultural businesses are considered. The Bashkortostan Republic’s agricultural industry and perspective small farm business development in the region are assessed. The efficiency of allocating budget funds of the region’s consolidated budget is calculated.
The aim of the study is to test the hypothesis that the development of the digital economy contributes to a change in the structure of the labor market, the release of part of the labor force, and ...the growth of demand in the field of information technology. Monographic and statistical research methods, methods of economic analysis, economic and statistical modeling, tabular, graphical methods were used in the work. The research information base was made up of official data from European and Russian statistics, data from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation for the period from 2009 to 2018. The proportion of specialists using the Internet for the period from 2009 to 2018 in the countries of the European Union increased from 43 to 55%. However, digitalization is affecting a changing labor market, with a growing percentage of people working part-time. In the EU countries, this indicator increased to 18.5% in 2018, i.e. 1.2 percentage points over ten years. The results of the correlationregression analysis showed that there is a positive relationship between the rate of computer and Internet use by employees in organizations and the percentage of part-time workers is (R2 = 49%). Over the past ten years in the Russian Federation, the total labor force has increased by 6%. Digitalization through entrepreneurial education penetrates almost all spheres of the life of society and helps to increase economic efficiency and increase labor productivity, changing the structure of employment.
The assessment of sustainable tourism development in the rural areas of the Aktobe oblast of Kazakhstan involved thoroughly analyzing multiple dimensions. Environmental, socio-economic, and cultural ...sustainability aspects were considered to comprehensively understand the region’s tourism potential. The study began by evaluating the available tourism resources in rural Aktobe. This included assessing natural attractions such as landscapes, wildlife, and geological features, as well as cultural heritage sites and infrastructure like accommodation facilities and transportation networks. A crucial aspect of the study was to analyze the environmental impact of tourism activities in rural areas. This involved evaluating the effects on ecosystems and natural resources. The measures for conserving these resources were also identified. Another focus was on the socio-cultural aspects of tourism development. The study aimed to preserve local traditions, cultural heritage, and community identity amidst tourism growth. Strategies for achieving socio-cultural sustainability were devised. Ranking methods were employed to identify key factors influencing rural tourism development. These methods helped prioritize areas for improvement and resource allocation. A balanced approach was adopted to assess the interaction between different dimensions of sustainability. This ensured that environmental, economic, and socio-cultural aspects were considered equally to achieve overall sustainable tourism development. ArcGIS 10 was used for data analysis and visualization. Maps and charts were created to represent spatial and statistical information, aiding in identifying trends and patterns. The study findings were crucial for identifying priority areas for infrastructure development and formulating strategies and programs for rural tourism promotion. The study aimed to ensure that tourism development aligns with the principles of sustainable development, benefiting both the local communities and the environment. The study provided valuable insights into the current status of rural tourism in Aktobe oblast and offered recommendations for sustainable development, contributing to the region’s long-term prosperity.
Skin aging has been associated with a higher dietary intake of carbohydrates, particularly glucose and galactose. In fact, the carbohydrates are capable of damaging the skin’s vital components ...through nonenzymatic glycation, the covalent attachment of sugar to a protein, and subsequent production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). This review is focused on the role of D-galactose in the development of skin aging and its relation to oxidative stress. The interest in this problem was dictated by recent findings that used in vitro and in vivo models. The review highlights the recent advances in the underlying molecular mechanisms of D-galactose-mediated cell senescence and cytotoxicity. We have also proposed the possible impact of galactosemia on skin aging and its clinical relevance. The understanding of molecular mechanisms of skin aging mediated by D-galactose can help dermatologists optimize methods for prevention and treatment of skin senescence and aging-related skin diseases.
In this paper the results obtained by the method of numerical modelling of Ekibastuz coal burning in furnace of Kazakhstan Power Plant. Numerical experiment was carried out on the basis of ...three-dimensional equations of convective heat and mass transfer, taking into account the heat propagation, heat radiation, chemical reactions and multiphase structure of the medium to predict the influence of different water content in coal on overall furnace operation and formation of combustion products.
In the present paper, a study of furnace processes in the combustion chamber of the real energy boiler BKZ-160 of Almaty TPP-3 (Kazakhstan) using three-dimensional modeling methods has been carried ...out. Calculations of the combustion chamber for flame combustion of pulverized coal have been performed. The main purpose of this paper was to study the effect of fractional fuel composition on the concentration characteristics of the combustion process. Numerical simulation was carried out with two models of coal particle size distribution: monodisperse fuel flame (coal particle size identical and equal to 60 μm) and a polydisperse fuel flame (coal particle diameter varies from 10 to 120 μm). The polydisperse distribution corresponds to the fractional distribution (percentage of total coal particles) calculated for this boiler: the first fraction – 10% with dp = 10 μm; 20% with dp = 30 μm; 40% with dp = 60 μm; 20% with dp = 100 μm; 10% with dp = 120 μm. The numerical simulation results of the influence of the pulverized coal particle size composition on concentration characteristics of combustion process are presented. The distributions of oxidizer (oxygen) and combustion products (NO, CO, CO2) are shown. Areas with the greatest concentration of gas products of burning are determined, regularities of formation of products and their concentration at the exit of fire chamber are also determined. The effect of fractional fuel composition on the obtained characteristics is sufficiently large, the empirical data obtained directly at TPP-3 show better convergence with the result of the computational experiment that confirms simultaneously the adequacy of the used physical and mathematical statement of the problem, as well as the validity of using the model of polyfractional distribution.
In the present paper, the furnace chamber of the BKZ-160 boiler of Almaty TPP-3 (Kazakhstan) has been calculated. The thermal characteristics of the process were studied in the form of the ...distribution of temperature fields and chemical energy, and the aerodynamics of the combustion chamber was also calculated. The type of fuel, its elementary and fractional composition, exerts the greatest influence on the course of heat-mass exchange processes and aerodynamics. The computational experiment was carried out with two models of particle size distribution: a polydisperse fuel flame (the particle diameter varies from 10 to 120 μm) and monodisperse fuel flame (particle size identical and equal to dp = 60 μm). Based on the results of the computational experiments, the main regularities in the distribution of heat fluxes in the combustion chamber volume and flow aerodynamics were obtained. It is shown that the greatest thermal load falls on the central region of the walls of the combustion chamber and the location of the burner devices, which is typical for both mono- and polydisperse fuel flames. The temperature data obtained as a result of the computational experiment showed better convergence with the empirical data obtained directly at TPP-3. Aerodynamics of the flow for the two selected models of particle size distribution has insignificant differences, but how they affect other characteristics of the process is one of the following tasks in view of the authors. It should be noted that the calculation of the polydisperse fuel flame takes much more calculation time.
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