RESUMEN El objetivo fue investigar el comportamiento del malondialdehido (MDA), biomarcador de estrés oxidativo, a grandes altitudes (3500-4200 m de altitud). Se realizó un estudio exploratorio en 91 ...sujetos de las ciudades de La Paz y El Alto seleccionados a través de una encuesta y examen clínico; la determinación de MDA se realizó con una técnica colorimétrica. Las medidas de tendencia central, dispersión y porcentajes se usaron para la descripción de datos, la prueba de Mann Whitney y Kruscal Wallis para explorar diferencias entre varones y mujeres, grupo etario y altitud. La mediana de concentración de MDA fue de 4,1 µmol/L (RIC 2,4-5,4), la mayor concentración se encontró en mayores de 40 años. El valor de la media encontrada es mayor que los referidos para el nivel del mar y supone la influencia de la hipoxia sobre los valores del MDA, sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias entre sexo y grupos etarios.
El objetivo fue investigar el comportamiento del malondialdehido (MDA), biomarcador de estrés oxidativo, a grandes altitudes (3500–4200 m de altitud). Se realizó un estudio exploratorio en 91 sujetos ...de las ciudades de La Paz y El Alto seleccionados a través de una encuesta y examen clínico; la determinación de MDA se realizó con una técnica colorimétrica. Las medidas de tendencia central, dispersión y porcentajes se usaron para la descripción de datos, la prueba de Mann Whitney y Kruscal Wallis para explorar diferencias entre varones y mujeres, grupo etario y altitud. La mediana de concentración de MDA fue de 4,1 μmol/L (RIC 2,4–5,4), la mayor concentración se encontró en mayores de 40 años. El valor de la media encontrada es mayor que los referidos para el nivel del mar y supone la influencia de la hipoxia sobre los valores del MDA, sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias entre sexo y grupos etarios.
Abstract
Building on the gains of May Measurement Month 2017 (MMM17), the Philippine Society of Hypertension once again took part in MMM18 to raise awareness of high blood pressure (BP) in the ...country and to harness opportunistic BP screening in detecting unaware hypertensive individuals and referring them for treatment. We followed the standard MMM18 protocol designed by the International Society of Hypertension, utilizing convenience sampling with volunteer investigators, taking three sitting BP measurements of volunteer adults (≥18 years). Basic data on demographic, lifestyle, and environmental factors were also taken. We analysed 177 176 screened individuals from the Philippines. Of these, 29.1% (51 527) had also participated in MMM17, whereas 68.8% (121 893) were new screenees; and 14.2% (25 232) had their BP taken for the first time ever. After multiple imputation, 39.0% (69 126) were hypertensive. Of these, 50.3% (34 795) were aware they were hypertensive. 49.9% (34 491) were on antihypertensive medication, 58.0% (20 010) of whom had controlled BP <140/90 mmHg. Only 28.9% of all participants with hypertension had controlled BP. Systolic BPs and diastolic BPs were significantly higher in the overweight and obese, in those receiving antihypertensive medications, in patients with diabetes, and significantly lower in pregnant women. MMM18 has again shown that opportunistic BP screening, harnessing volunteers, is a pragmatic public health measure to improve awareness and treatment rates of raised BP.
Objectives
To measure the extent of dilution of helium-oxygen (heliox) by room air when given via high concentration reservoir mask to spontaneously breathing subjects. Substantial dilution of heliox ...by room air under these circumstances might alter its physical properties sufficiently to negate any potential clinical benefit in obstructive respiratory failure.
Design
Healthy volunteers breathing different concentrations of helium in oxygen via two different masks in a randomised crossover design.
Setting
Operating theatre in a university hospital.
Patients and participants
Six healthy volunteers.
Interventions
The concentrations of helium, nitrogen and oxygen were measured in the trachea of each volunteer using a mass spectrometer during normal breathing, hyperventilation and hypoventilation.
Measurements and results
During normal breathing of Heliox21 (79% helium) via a standard non-rebreathe reservoir mask, within subject median percentage tracheal helium was 37.2% (range 29.3–52.2%) and nitrogen was 41.7% (27.4–49.4%). Air entrainment was affected by changes in breathing pattern: tracheal nitrogen concentration was greater during hyperventilation (55.4%; range 49.4–63.5%) and less during hypoventilation (33.1%; range 24.6–39.6%,
p
= 0.043). Tracheal nitrogen could be almost completely abolished by administering heliox via a tightly fitting cushioned facemask, even during hyperventilation (2.2%; range 0.6–6.1%,
p
= 0.028).
Conclusions
Heliox administration via a standard high-concentration reservoir mask leads to significant dilution by room air. For the full potential benefits of heliox to be realised in spontaneously breathing patients, it should be administered via a system that achieves a gas tight seal, with no leaks between the delivery device and the surroundings.
The objective of this study was to determine the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), an oxidative stress biomarker, in individuals living at high altitudes (3500-4200 m). This exploratory study ...evaluated 91 subjects from La Paz and El Alto using a questionnaire and clinical examination. MDA levels were measured using a colorimetric technique. Measures of central tendency, dispersion, and percentages were used to describe data, and the Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to assess differences between the sexes, age groups, and altitudes. The median concentration of MDA was 4.1 μmol/L (RIC 2.4-5.4) and the highest concentration of MDA was found in individuals older than 40 years. The average MDA levels were higher than those found at sea level, a result we believe is due to the effect of hypoxia. However, there were no differences in the MDA levels between the sexes or age groups.
estudios recientes han reportado fenómenos trombóticos o coagulopatía en pacientes con COVID-19. Hay posiciones divergentes en cuanto a la prevención, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de estos ...fenómenos, y la práctica clínica actual está basada únicamente en deducciones por extensión a partir de estudios retrospectivos, series de casos, estudios observacionales y guías internacionales desarrolladas previas a la pandemia.
establecer una serie de recomendaciones sobre prevención, diagnóstico y manejo de las complicaciones trombóticas asociadas a COVID-19.
se desarrolló una guía rápida en la que se aplicó el marco de la evidencia a la decisión (EtD) de GRADE y un sistema de participación iterativo, con análisis estadísticos y cualitativos de sus resultados.
se generaron 31 recomendaciones clínicas enfocadas a: a) Pruebas de coagulación en adultos sintomáticos con sospecha de infección o infección confirmada por SARS-CoV-2; b) Tromboprofilaxis en personas adultas con diagnóstico de COVID-19 (escalas de riesgo, tromboprofilaxis de manejo ambulatorio, intrahospitalario y duración de tromboprofilaxis después del egreso de hospitalización), c) Diagnóstico y tratamiento de las complicaciones trombóticas y d) Manejo de personas con indicación previa a usar agentes anticoagulantes.
las recomendaciones clínicas de este consenso orientan la toma de decisiones clínicas respecto a prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de fenómenos trombóticos en pacientes con COVID-19, y representan un acuerdo que ayudará a disminuir la dispersión en las prácticas clínicas acorde con el desafío que impone la pandemia.
recent studies have reported the occurrence of thrombotic phenomena or coagulopathy in patients with COVID-19. There are divergent positions regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of these phenomena, and current clinical practice is based solely on deductions by extension from retrospective studies, case series, observational studies, and international guidelines developed prior to the pandemic.
to generate a group of recommendations on the prevention, diagnosis and management of thrombotic complications associated with COVID-19.
a rapid guidance was carried out applying the GRADE Evidence to Decision (EtD) frameworks and an iterative participation system, with statistical and qualitative analysis.
31 clinical recommendations were generated focused on: a) Coagulation tests in symptomatic adults with suspected infection or confirmed SARS CoV-2 infection; b) Thromboprophylaxis in adults diagnosed with COVID-19 (Risk scales, thromboprophylaxis for outpatient, in-hospital management, and duration of thromboprophylaxis after discharge from hospitalization), c) Diagnosis and treatment of thrombotic complications, and d) Management of people with previous indication of anticoagulant agents.
recommendations of this consensus guide clinical decision-making regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of thrombotic phenomena in patients with COVID-19, and represent an agreement that will help decrease the dispersion in clinical practices according to the challenge imposed by the pandemic.
Estudios recientes han reportado la ocurrencia de fenómenos trombóticos o coagulopatía en pacientes con COVID-19. Hay posiciones divergentes en cuanto a la prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de ...estos fenómenos y la práctica clínica actual está basada únicamente en deducciones por extensión a partir de estudios retrospectivos, series de casos, estudios observacionales y guías internacionales desarrolladas previas a la pandemia. En este contexto, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue establecer un grupo de recomendaciones sobre prevención, diagnóstico y manejo de las complicaciones trombóticas asociadas a COVID-19. Métodos: Se desarrolló una guía rápida aplicando el marco de la evidencia a la decisión (EtD) de GRADE y un sistema de participación iterativo, con análisis estadísticos y cualitativos de sus resultados. Resultados: Se generaron 31 recomendaciones clínicas enfocadas a: a) Pruebas de coagulación en adultos sintomáticos con sospecha de infección o infección confirmada por SARS-CoV-2; b) Tromboprofilaxis en personas adultas con diagnóstico de COVID-19 (Escalas de riesgo, Tromboprofilaxis de manejo ambulatorio, intrahospitalario, y duración de tromboprofilaxis después del egreso de hospitalización), c) Diagnóstico y tratamiento de las complicaciones trombóticas y d) Manejo de personas con indicación previa de usar agentes anticoagulantes. Conclusiones: Las recomendaciones clínicas del presente consenso orientan la toma de decisiones clínicas respecto a prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de fenómenos trombóticos en pacientes con COVID-19, y representan un acuerdo que ayudará a disminuir la dispersión en las prácticas clínicas acorde con el desafío que nos impone la pandemia. (Acta Med Colomb 2021; 46. DOI: Palabras clave: COVID-19; SARS CoV-2; Anticoagulantes; Embolia y Trombosis; Consenso Recent studies have reported the occurrence of thrombotic phenomena or coagulopathy in patients with COVID-19. There are divergent positions regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of these phenomena, and current clinical practice is based solely on deductions by extension from retrospective studies, case series, observational studies, and international guidelines developed prior to the pandemic. In this context, the aim was to generate a group of recommendations on the prevention, diagnosis and management of thrombotic complications associated with COVID-19. Methods: A rapid guidance was carried out applying the GRADE Evidence to Decision (EtD) frameworks and an iterative participation system, with statistical and qualitative analysis. Results: 31 clinical recommendations were generated focused on: a) Coagulation tests in symptomatic adults with suspected infection or confirmed SARS CoV-2 infection; b) Thromboprophylaxis in adults diagnosed with COVID-19 (Risk scales, thromboprophylaxis for outpatient, in-hospital management, and duration of thromboprophylaxis after discharge from hospitalization), c) Diagnosis and treatment of thrombotic complications, and d) Management of people with previous indication of anticoagulant agents. Conclusions: Recommendations of this consensus guide clinical decision-making regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of thrombotic phenomena in patients with COVID-19, and represent an agreement that will help decrease the dispersion in clinical practices according to the challenge imposed by the pandemic. (Acta Med Colomb 2021; 46. DOI: Key terms: COVID-19; SARS CoV-2; Anticoagulants; Embolism and Thrombosis; Consensus
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