Na ulomku luka oltarne ograde iz crkve sv. Martina u Lepurima kod Benkovca prepoznaje se ime hrvatskog kneza Branimira (879‒892). Iako tekstovno manjkavo, ime kneza grafijski vjerno reproducira ime s ...natpisa istog kneza iz Gornjeg Muća, datiranog 888. Otprije je utvrđeno da je oba reljefa izradila tzv. Benediktinska klesarska radionica iz vremena kneza Branimira, što osnažuje ovdje izneseni prijedlog čitanja. Branimirovom vladavinom datiran je gradbeni natpis opata Teodeberta iz iste crkve u Lepurima, objavljen prije desetak godina. Čitanje kneževa imena na još jednom natpisu iz Lepura dodatno precizira vrijeme izrade jednog od ansambla liturgijskih instalacija te crkve, ujedno otvarajući mogućnost da je ista klesarska radionica na obama lokalitetima izvela ne samo reljefe nego i natpisni tekst. To je osmi po redu epigrafički spomen kneza Branimira.
Predmet rada je crkva Svetog Mateja, koja se do 1881. nalazila uz južni ulaz u splitsku katedralu, naknadno umetnuta između periptera i temenosa Dioklecijanova mauzoleja. Analizom antičke prostorne ...situacije, pisanih izvora, raspoznatljivih ostataka crkve i njenoga izvornog sadržaja (sarkofag ukrašen reljefom ukriženih ljiljana s epitafom nadbiskupa Ivana) autor se zalaže za njenu dataciju u drugu polovinu 8. stoljeća. Naglašava ravensko porijeklo uzoraka reljefnog ukrasa, naslovnika crkve te njenog utemeljitelja, kojeg poistovjećuje s obnoviteljem salonitanske nadbiskupije u Splitu, Ivanom iz Ravene.
Najstarija povijest šesterolisne rotonde Sv. Marije de Platea u Trogiru vezuje se za memorijalni tekst sačuvan u dvije verzije (Daniele Farlati, Petar Lučić). Zapis donosi podatke o graditelju ...(obnovitelju) crkve početkom 8. st., srodniku Velikoga Severa, predvodnika građana Salone naseljenih u Splitu u 7. stoljeću. Autor ocjenjuje vrijednost toga zapisa: raspravlja o pravcima istraživanja, transmisiji teksta, historiografskim interpretacijama, arheološkom, tipološkom i stilskom kontekstu crkve. Analizom zaključuje da memorijalni tekst nije ranosrednjovjekovne provenijencije te daje nov prijedlog njegova podrijetla: pripada artificijelnoj tradiciji oblikovanoj pomoću starijih povijesnih narativa unutar trogirske komunalne elite u 15. st., a pretočenoj u pisani tekst u 16. stoljeću. Rotondu Sv. Marije definira kao ranosrednjovjekovnu građevinu s početka 9. st. (bez starijih faza) koja je u zrelome srednjem vijeku preinačena u trogirsku komunalnu crkvu (ecclesia communis). Tekstu pripisuje funkciju stvaranja iluzije o komunalnome patronatu nad crkvom u kontinuitetu od ranoga srednjovjekovlja.
The oldest recorded history of the hexaconch rotunda of St. Mary de Platea in Trogir is associated with the memorial text preserved in two versions (Daniele Farlati, Petar Lučić). The written note ...provides information on the builder (restorer) of the church at the beginning of the 8th century, a relative of Severus the Great – the leader of the citizens of Salona who settled in Split in the 7th century. The author evaluates the validity of this note: he discusses the directions of previous research, transmission of the text, historiographical interpretations, and the archaeological, typological and stylistic context of the church. Through analysis he concludes that the memorial text is not of early medieval provenance; instead he gives a new proposal for its origin: it belongs to the artificial tradition shaped by the older historical narratives within the communal elite of Trogir in the 15th century, which was turned into a written text in the 16th century. He also defines the rotunda of St. Mary as an early medieval building from the beginning of the 9th century (without older phases) which was transformed into a communal church (ecclesia communis) of Trogir in the high Middle Ages. The author attributes to the text the function of creating the illusion of communal patronage of the church in continuity since the early Middle Ages.
The antimetastatic efficacy of a water-soluble derivative of propolis (WSDP) was studied. Tumor was a transplantable mammary carcinoma of CBA mouse. Metastases in the lung were generated by 2×10
5 ...viable tumor cells i.v. WSDP was given intraperitoneally at doses of 50 or 150 mg/kg before or after tumor cell inoculation. Therapies reduced the number of metastases in the lung and tumor growth was suppressed significantly by WSDP. It is likely that antimetastatic activity of the WSDP is mainly mediated by immunomodulatory activity. Changes in several immunological parameters such as production of lymphocyte activating factor by peritoneal macrophages and the efficacy of those macrophages to kill tumor cell in vitro, responses of lymphocytes to mitogen, and weight and cellularity of spleen, respectively, correlated well with antimetastatic properties of the WSDP. Based on results we postulate that the antimetastatic activity of propolis includes a pronounced immunomodulatory activity mainly toward augmentation of nonspecific antitumor resistance in mice via macrophage activation.
The effect of polyphenolic compounds isolated from propolis and propolis itself was investigated on the growth and metastatic potential of a transplantable mammary carcinoma (MCa) of CBA mouse. ...Metastases in the lung were generated by intravenous injection of tumor cells (2 × 10
5). A water-soluble derivative of proplis (WSDP), caffeic acid (CA), caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and quercetin (QU) were given to mice per os before tumor cells inoculation. Tested compounds significantly decreased the number of tumor nodules in the lung. According to the results obtained the antitumor activity of tested compounds can be related to the immunomodulatory properties of the compounds, their cytotoxicity to tumor cells, and their capacity to induce apoptosis and necrosis. The experimental data support that WSDP, CA, CAPE and QU could be potentially useful in the control of tumor growth in experimental models.
The aim of this study was to assess radioprotective effects of quercetin and the ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) in CBA mice exposed to a single radiation dose 4 Gy (60Co). The mice were treated ...with 100 mg kg-1 quercetin or EEP a day for three consecutive days either before (pre-treatment) or after gamma-irradiation (therapy). Leukocyte count was determined in blood drawn from the tail vein, and DNA damage in leukocytes was assessed using the alkaline comet assay. Genotoxic effects of the test compunds were also evaluated in non-irradiated mice. The levels of radioprotection provided by both test compounds were compared with those established in mice that were given chemical radioprotector S-(2-Aminoethy1)isothiouronium bromide hydrobromide (AET). Mice that received pre-treatment were less sensitive to irradiation. Mice given the post-irradiation therapy showed a slight but not significant increase in total leukocyte count over irradiated negative control. Quercetin showed better protective properties than EEP in both pre-treatment and therapy, and activated a higher number of leukocytes in non-irradiated mice. The alkaline comet assay suggests that both natural compounds, especially when given as pre-treatment, protect against primary leukocyte DNA damage in mice. At tested concentrations, EEP and quercetin were not genotoxic to non-irradiated mice. AET, however, caused a slight but not significant increase in DNA damage. Although the results of this study show the radioprotective potential of the test compounds, further investigation is needed to clarify the underlying protection mechanisms.
Primjena alkalnog kometnog testa u istraživanju radioprotektivnih učinaka alkoholnog ekstrakta propolisa i kvercetina na miševima ozračenim gama-zračenjem
Many plants and the plant-derived honeybee propolis have shown biological activities like immunomodulation and antitumor effect. The effect of two water-soluble propolis derivatives (WSDP) from ...Croatia and Brazil, caffeic acid, quercetin, chrysin and naringenin which are present in WSDP was assessed on the development of Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT). The compounds (50
mg
kg
−1) were given by gastric intubations (po) 2
h prior to the intraperitoneal injection of EAT (2
×
10
6) cells. It was observed that WSDP and its compounds effectively inhibited tumor growth and proliferation of EAT. The volume of ascitic fluid induced by EAT cells and total number of cells present in the peritoneal cavity was markedly reduced in EAT-bearing mice treated with test components. Treatment with test components increased the number of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells and decreased the number of macrophages in the peritoneal cavity of treated animals. The macrophage spreading activity revealed that WSDP and all test compounds affected the functional state of macrophages increasing their tumoricidal activity. The effect of WSDP was most pronounced suggesting synergistic effect of components present in WSDP. It is likely that part of the antitumor efficacy of the assayed components against EAT cells was the results of increased macrophage activity.
Polyphenolic compounds are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and display a variety of biological activities, including chemoprevention and tumor growth inhibition. Propolis is made up of a ...variety of polyphenolic compounds. We compared how the routes of administration of polyphenolic compounds deriving from propolis and of propolis itself affect the growth and metastatic potential of a transplantable mammary carcinoma (MCa) of the CBA mouse. The influence of tested compounds on local tumor growth was also studied. Metastases in the lung were generated by 2 × 10(5) tumor cells injected intravenously (IV). A water-soluble derivative of propolis (WSDP) and polyphenolic compounds (caffeic acid, CA, and CA phenethyl ester, CAPE) were given to mice per os (PO) or intraperitoneally (IP) before or after tumor cell inoculation. Tested compounds significantly decreased the number of lung colonies. When mice were inoculated with 105 MCa cells in the exact site of subcutaneous injection of different doses of WSDP, CA, or CAPE, tumor growth was inhibited, and survival of treated mice was prolonged. Antitumor activity, according to the results obtained, is mostly related to the immunomodulatory properties of the compounds and their capacity to induce apoptosis and necrosis. In conclusion, results presented here indicate that WSDP, CA, and CAPE could be potential useful tools in the control of tumor growth in experimental tumor models when administrated PO; because PO administration is the easiest way of introducing a compound used for prevention and/or cure of any disease, it is likely that this article has reached the goal of the investigation.
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