Antioxidants are used to prevent oxidation reactions and inhibit the development of unwanted sensory characteristics that decrease the nutritional quality, acceptance, and shelf-life of processed ...meat products, improving their stability. Synthetic antioxidants, although efficient, are related to the development of diseases because they present toxic and carcinogenic effects. Thus, researchers and the meat industry are studying natural alternatives to synthetic antioxidants to be used in meat products, thus meeting the demand of consumers who seek foods without additives in their composition. These natural extracts have compounds that exert antioxidant activity in different meat products by different mechanisms. Thus, this review work aimed to gather studies that applied natural extracts derived from different plant sources as possible antioxidants in meat products and their action in preserving the quality of these products.
ABSTRACT The demand for clean label foods has driven research in the meat product sector. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect on the physicochemical properties of adding L-lysine, ...wheat fiber (WTF) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in sausage without the addition of sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) and with reduced salt levels. Eight treatments were produced in total. Three control treatments were: CON1 - 0.5 % sodium tripolyphosphate and 2 % salt; CON2 - without STPP and 2 % salt; CON3 - without STPP and 1 % salt. Five other treatments were carried out without STPP and 1 % of salt: LYS - 0.8 % L-lysine; WTF - 2 % wheat fiber; MCC - 2 % microcrystalline cellulose fiber; LYSWTF - 0.8 % L-lysine and 2 % wheat fiber; LYSMCC - 0.8 % L-lysine and 2 % microcrystalline cellulose fiber. L-lysine and wheat fiber provided good emulsion stability for sausages. L-lysine and MCC increased the yield of the products. Microcrystalline cellulose increased the red color value (a*) of sausages. The intensity of the yellow color value (b*) was significantly affected by the removal of STPP and the reduction of salt levels, but L-lysine and MCC improved this parameter, providing similar results to CON1. Adding of L-lysine and dietary fiber increased hardness in sausages without added STPP and with salt reduction. L-lysine and wheat fiber are promising for reformulating emulsified meat product without phosphate added and with reduced salt levels due to lipid oxidation control and improvement in emulsion stability.
The use of natural colorants in meat products can keep its coloring attractive as well as meet the demand from consumers interested in products that are healthier. Nitrite is added as a preservative ...to these products and it is also a precursor of the generation of a specifically desired color in meat products. However, its use has been associated with the development of certain kinds of cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of reduced levels of nitrite in Brazilian sausage (linguiça) with natural colorants on the physicochemical and sensorial properties following frozen storage. Nine treatments were tested: 0.015 % nitrite (C150), 0.0075 % nitrite (C75) and 0 % nitrite (C0), 0.0075 % nitrite and 1.5 % microencapsulated betalain (BME75), 0 % nitrite and 1.5 % microencapsulated betalain (BME0), 0.0075 % nitrite and 0.19 % commercial betalain (BCP75), 0 % nitrite and 0.19 % commercial betalain (BCP0), 0.0075 % nitrite and 0.02 % of cochineal carmine (CC75) and 0 % nitrite and 0.02 % of cochineal carmine (CC0). Oxidative stability, residual nitrite and instrumental color were the determinant factors. Sensory analysis was directed at color, texture, taste and global acceptance. Natural colorants did not have any antioxidant effect. Sausages prepared with betalain and 0.0075 % nitrite showed the highest a* values. The addition of colorants improved both color and overall acceptance. The addition of betalain and cochineal carmine with 0.0075 % nitrite proved to be effective in achieving high acceptability in Brazilian sausage (linguiça).
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of power ultrasound (nominal intensity 600 W·cm−2 for 10 min) and the addition of potassium chloride (KCl) on the physicochemical properties ...and sensorial acceptance of low sodium restructured cooked ham. Four treatments of low sodium restructured cooked ham (mean of 324.52 mg Na/100 g) were prepared: CT - Control Treatment; UsT - Ultrasound Treatment; KT - addition of 0.5% KCl; UsKT - Ultrasound Treatment and addition of 0.5% KCl. Ultrasound application reduced the total fluid released and improved the sensory acceptance for salty taste and flavor compared to CT. The addition of KCl showed the lowest values for total fluid release, the highest scores for all parameters of sensory acceptance, improved hardness and chewiness, which results were not statistically different from the results obtained by combining ultrasound and KCl. Therefore, the use of KCl was considered a technological and sensorial viable alternative to produce low sodium restructured cooked ham.
Methanol (PubChem CID: 887); Chloroform (PubChem CID: 6212); Sodium Carbonate (PubChem CID: 10340); Sodium hydroxide (PubChem CID: 14798); Boric acid (PubChem CID: 7628).
•Ultrasound and potassium chloride were used in processing low sodium restructured cooked ham.•Ultrasound improved the total fluid release, the flavor and overall acceptance.•The addition of potassium chloride was more effective than the use of ultrasound for the physicochemical and sensory parameters.•The combination of ultrasound and the addition of potassium chloride showed no additional benefit.
The current trends among consumers are pushing for the use of natural antioxidants options. Açaí fruit is rich on polyphenolic components but no studies have been carried out to evaluate their effect ...in meat products. The objective was to investigate the effect of açaí extract on refrigerated pork patties quality. Five treatments were done: without antioxidant (CON), Sodium Erythorbate 500 mg.kg −1 (ERY), Açaí Extract: 250 (AEL), 500 (AEM), 750 mg.kg −1 (AEH). Açaí extract did not affect the proximate composition, pH and cooking parameters. The concentrations of açaí extract studied increased antioxidant activity and reduced lipid oxidation (0.379, 0.293, and 0.217 vs. 0.889 mg MDA.kg−1 for AEL, AEM, AEH vs. CON, respectively). However, only the AEL treatment did not affect the color parameters, showing the best option for the application on pork patties. Thus, açaí extract at 250 mg.kg−1 can be used as a natural antioxidant replacing sodium erythorbate to preserve the quality of refrigerated pork patties.
•Açaí extract powder (AE) had 612.54 ± 17.64 mg of GAE/g of extract.•AE had antioxidant activity equivalent to 47.57 ± 0.83 μmol TE/g.•AE decreased lipid oxidation of pork patty during storage.
The main objective of this research was the development of a healthy meat product from turkey meat with white striping myopathy. The effect of adding different proportions of chitosan on the ...qualitative characteristics, sensory acceptance, and stability of cooked sausages during storage was studied. Three treatments were elaborated (control, 1.5% chitosan, and 3% chitosan), stored for 56 days, and characterized in terms of chemical composition, texture profile analysis, drip and pressure loss analysis, and sensory analysis (after processing; day 0). In the different storage periods (0 and 56 days), the pH value, color, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and volatile compounds were evaluated. The results showed that the moisture content, lipids, proteins, and weight loss decreased (
< 0.05) and the ash content increased (
< 0.05) with the addition of chitosan. Similarly, the values of texture parameters (hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness) were higher in the sausages reformulated with chitosan than in control samples. The addition of chitosan increased the pH and yellowness (b*) values and reduced (
< 0.05) redness (a*) and lightness (L*) values. The b* values (only in reformulated sausages) and pH increased during storage, while a* showed a significant reduction after 56 storage days. Lipid oxidation (TBARS) was kept below the limits of quantification in all samples and both after processing and 56 storage days. However, when quantifying the lipid-derived volatiles, a clear antioxidant activity of chitosan was observed, which limits the release of these compounds, mainly aldehydes (hexanal and nonanal). Finally, the sensory analysis indicated that, although chitosan treatments received the lowest scores for all attributes, the reformulated samples did not differ from control sausages. Therefore, sausage containing chitosan may represent an interesting alternative for adding value to turkey meats affected by white striping myopathy and, at the same time, develop into a healthy and functional meat product increasing the proportion of fibers in one's diet.
Abstract The aim of this study was to optimize the addition of oat fiber and inulin as fat substitutes in cooked Paio sausage using response surface methodology. The chemical composition, textural ...parameters, color properties, lipid oxidation, microbial analysis and sensory properties were assessed in twelve different treatments. The addition of dietary fiber led to a significant (P < 0.05) increase in moisture content and also a decrease in fat content of between 60.78% and 63.16%. Color parameters were significantly affected by the addition of inulin and oat fiber, as lightness decreases with the addition of oat fiber. Similar happened with redness, the lowest results were for the treatment with higher dietary fiber content added. Regarding lipid oxidation, the inclusion of fiber did not influence the TBARS values among treatments and throughout the storage time. Sausages manufactured with inulin and oat fiber present similar scores for color, taste and overall acceptability, while lower texture values were found in sausages manufactured with oat fiber. The addition of up to 6% of inulin with up to 0.85% oat fiber in a low fat cooked Paio sausage did not compromise technological parameters and sensory acceptably.
The antioxidant effects of red pitaya extract (PE) were evaluated in pork patties for 18 days at 2 °C. The following treatments were prepared: control (CON, without antioxidant), sodium erythorbate ...(ERY, 500 mg kg−1), PE low dose (PEL, 250 mg kg−1), PE medium dose (PEM, 500 mg kg−1), and PE high dose (PEH, 1000 mg kg−1). No significant effect was observed on chemical composition and cooking loss with the addition of PE, while a significant effect was noticed in cohesiveness (P < 0.05). The intense pink colour of PE enhanced the colour stability during storage (9.33, 7.92 and 7.69 vs. 6.77 for PEH, PEM and PEL vs. CON, respectively; (P < 0.05). TBARS (1.21 vs. 2.44 mg MDA/kg) and carbonyl values (5.45 vs. 6.87 nmol carbonyl/mg) of treated samples were lower than those observed in CON. Similar values were found between samples with PE and ERY. PE improved colour acceptance and the preference of pork patties. Therefore, PE is a very effective natural antioxidant by delaying colour and oxidative deterioration.
•Red pitaya extract is a good ingredient to extend the shelf life of pork patties.•Natural colorant to improve consumer acceptance of meat products.•Dose-dependent effect of pitaya extract on antioxidant activity of pork patties•Positive acceptance of pork patties with pitaya extract
The captive breeding of the Pantanal caiman (Caiman yacare) offers great potential for the full use of all the component parts of the animal. The meat is an option for human consumption with good ...sensory acceptance, the skin is valued on the international market and the carcass can be used for obtaining mechanically separated caiman meat (MSCM). This research evaluated the physical chemical parameters of mechanically separated meat obtained from caiman yacare carcass to improve its yield. The proximate composition, lipid oxidation, pH, total volatile bases (TVB) and color during storage under freezing at -18 °C for 90 days were all evaluated. The MSCM presented low lipid content, high protein content and good stability during storage under freezing for 90 days. These results demonstrated that MSCM can be used in the development of caiman meat products.
RESUMO: A criação em cativeiro do jacaré do Pantanal (Caiman yacare) oferece grande potencial para o aproveitamento integral de todas as partes componentes do animal. A carne é uma opção para consumo humano com boa aceitação sensorial, a pele é valorizada no mercado internacional e a carcaça pode ser utilizada para obtenção de carne de jacaré mecanicamente separada (CJMS). O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os parâmetros físico-químicos da carne mecanicamente separada obtida da carcaça do jacaré do Pantanal para melhorar seu rendimento. A oxidação lipídica, pH, bases voláteis totais (TVB) e cor durante o armazenamento sob congelamento a -18 °C, foram avaliados por 90 dias. Além disso, foi avaliada a composição centesimal. A CJMS apresentou baixo teor de lipídios, alto teor de proteína e boa estabilidade durante o armazenamento sob congelamento por 90 dias. Esses resultados demonstram que a CJMS pode ser utilizada no desenvolvimento de produtos cárneos de jacaré.
PDF
