Objective
This study assessed the impact of a history of metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) on the clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and severe obesity hospitalized for ...COVID‐19.
Methods
In this post hoc analysis from the nationwide observational CORONADO (Coronavirus SARS‐CoV2 and Diabetes Outcomes) study, patients with T2D and a history of MBS were matched with patients without MBS for age, sex, and BMI either at the time of MBS or on admission for COVID‐19. The composite primary outcome (CPO) combined invasive mechanical ventilation and/or death within 7 and 28 days following admission.
Results
Out of 2,398 CORONADO participants, 20 had a history of MBS. When matching for BMI at the time of MBS and after adjustment for diabetes duration, the CPO occurred less frequently within 7 days (3 vs. 17 events, OR: 0.15 0.01 to 0.94, p = 0.03) and 28 days (3 vs. 19 events, OR: 0.11 0.01 to 0.71, p = 0.02) in patients with MBS (n = 16) vs. controls (n = 44). There was no difference in CPO rate between patients with MBS and controls when matching for BMI on admission.
Conclusions
These data are reassuring regarding COVID‐19 prognosis in patients with diabetes and a history of MBS compared with those without MBS.
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal muscle disorder, caused by mutations in the DMD gene and affects approximately 1:5000-6000 male births. In this report, we identified dysregulation of ...members of the Dlk1-Dio3 miRNA cluster in muscle biopsies of the GRMD dog model. Of these, we selected miR-379 for a detailed investigation because its expression is high in the muscle, and is known to be responsive to glucocorticoid, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs commonly used in DMD patients. Bioinformatics analysis predicts that miR-379 targets EIF4G2, a translational factor, which is involved in the control of mitochondrial metabolic maturation. We confirmed in myoblasts that EIF4G2 is a direct target of miR-379, and identified the DAPIT mitochondrial protein as a translational target of EIF4G2. Knocking down DAPIT in skeletal myotubes resulted in reduced ATP synthesis and myogenic differentiation. We also demonstrated that this pathway is GC-responsive since treating mice with dexamethasone resulted in reduced muscle expression of miR-379 and increased expression of EIF4G2 and DAPIT. Furthermore, miR-379 seric level, which is also elevated in the plasma of DMD patients in comparison with age-matched controls, is reduced by GC treatment. Thus, this newly identified pathway may link GC treatment to a mitochondrial response in DMD.
We have determined the angular diameters of two metal-poor stars, HD 122563 and Gmb 1830, using CHARA and Palomar Testbed Interferometer observations. For the giant star HD 122563, we derive an ...angular diameter θ3D = 0.940 ± 0.011 milliarcseconds (mas) using limb-darkening from 3D convection simulations and for the dwarf star Gmb 1830 (HD 103095) we obtain a 1D limb-darkened angular diameter θ1D = 0.679 ± 0.007 mas. Coupling the angular diameters with photometry yields effective temperatures with precisions better than 55 K (Teff = 4598 ± 41 K and 4818 ± 54 K – for the giant and the dwarf star, respectively). Including their distances results in very well-determined luminosities and radii (L = 230 ± 7 L⊙, R = 24.1 ± 1.1 R⊙ and L = 0.213 ± 0.002 L⊙, R = 0.665 ± 0.014 R⊙, respectively). We used the CESAM2k stellar structure and evolution code in order to produce models that fit the observational data. We found values of the mixing-length parameter α (which describes 1D convection) that depend on the mass of the star. The masses were determined from the models with precisions of <3% and with the well-measured radii excellent constraints on the surface gravity are obtained (log g = 1.60 ± 0.04, 4.59 ± 0.02 dex, respectively). The very small errors on both log g and Teff provide stringent constraints for spectroscopic analyses given the sensitivity of abundances to both of these values. The precise determination of Teff for the two stars brings into question the photometric scales for metal-poor stars.
Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is increasingly used in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The evidence supporting NIV use in patients with ARDS remains relatively sparse.
To ...determine whether, during NIV, the categorization of ARDS severity based on the Pa
/Fi
Berlin criteria is useful.
The LUNG SAFE (Large Observational Study to Understand the Global Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Failure) study described the management of patients with ARDS. This substudy examines the current practice of NIV use in ARDS, the utility of the Pa
/Fi
ratio in classifying patients receiving NIV, and the impact of NIV on outcome.
Of 2,813 patients with ARDS, 436 (15.5%) were managed with NIV on Days 1 and 2 following fulfillment of diagnostic criteria. Classification of ARDS severity based on Pa
/Fi
ratio was associated with an increase in intensity of ventilatory support, NIV failure, and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality. NIV failure occurred in 22.2% of mild, 42.3% of moderate, and 47.1% of patients with severe ARDS. Hospital mortality in patients with NIV success and failure was 16.1% and 45.4%, respectively. NIV use was independently associated with increased ICU (hazard ratio, 1.446 95% confidence interval, 1.159-1.805), but not hospital, mortality. In a propensity matched analysis, ICU mortality was higher in NIV than invasively ventilated patients with a Pa
/Fi
lower than 150 mm Hg.
NIV was used in 15% of patients with ARDS, irrespective of severity category. NIV seems to be associated with higher ICU mortality in patients with a Pa
/Fi
lower than 150 mm Hg. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 02010073).
ABSTRACT
We examine secular changes and multidecadal climate variability on a seasonal scale in northern France over the last 500 years and examine the extent to which they are driven by large‐scale ...atmospheric variability. Multiscale trend analysis and segmentation procedures show statistically significant increases of winter and spring precipitation amounts in Paris since the end of the 19th century. This changes the seasonal precipitation distribution from one with a pronounced summer peak at the end of the Little Ice Age to an almost uniform distribution in the 20th century. This switch is linked to an early warming trend in winter temperature. Changes in spring precipitation are also correlated with winter precipitation for time scales greater than 50 years, which suggests a seasonal persistence. Hydrological modelling results show similar rising trends in river flow for the Seine at Paris. However, such secular trends in the seasonal climatic conditions over northern France are substantially modulated by irregular multidecadal (50–80 years) fluctuations. Furthermore, since the end of the 19th century, we find an increasing variance in multidecadal hydroclimatic winter and spring, and this coincides with an increase in the multidecadal North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) variability, suggesting a significant influence of large‐scale atmospheric circulation patterns. However, multidecadal NAO variability has decreased in summer. Using Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis, we detect multidecadal North Atlantic sea‐level pressure anomalies, which are significantly linked to the NAO during the Modern period. In particular, a south‐eastward (south‐westward) shift of the Icelandic Low (Azores High) drives substantial multidecadal changes in spring. Wetter springs are likely to be driven by potential changes in moisture advection from the Atlantic, in response to northward shifts of North Atlantic storm tracks over European regions, linked to periods of positive NAO. Similar, but smaller, changes in rainfall are observed in winter.
Line shape analysis of the Kβ transition in muonic hydrogen Covita, Daniel S.; Anagnostopoulos, Dimitrios F.; Fuhrmann, Hermann ...
The European physical journal. D, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics,
2018/4, Volume:
72, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The K
β
transition in muonic hydrogen was measured with a high-resolution crystal spectrometer. The spectrum is shown to be sensitive to the ground-state hyperfine splitting, the corresponding ...triplet-to-singlet ratio, and the kinetic energy distribution in the 3
p
state. The hyperfine splitting and triplet-to-singlet ratio are found to be consistent with the values expected from theoretical and experimental investigations and, therefore, were fixed accordingly in order to reduce the uncertainties in the further reconstruction of the kinetic energy distribution. The presence of high-energetic components was established and quantified in both a phenomenological, i.e. cascade-model-free fit, and in a direct deconvolution of the Doppler broadening based on the Bayesian method.
Graphical abstract
Nivolumab, an anti-PD1 immune control point inhibitor, is the first treatment that has improved the overall survival of patients after first-line metastatic renal cell carcinoma in 2015. Over the ...past two years, a large number of trials on these treatments and the interest of associations are being evaluated.
In this article, we propose to summarize the clinical development of checkpoint inhibitors to assess the direction of clinical research in this area.
A systematic review of the literature was performed in PubMed/Medline database and Meeting Library Asco by searching for articles in French or English published on immunotherapy in renal cell carcinoma. The research was limited to abstracts and articles published from 2014 to 2017.
We identified 349 publications and abstracts and selected 17 references from prospective studies.
Recent data on checkpoint inhibitors, as well as their combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors or with anti-angiogenic agents or with indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 in renal cell carcinoma and the latest advances in vaccine therapy have been reported.
In 2017, immunotherapy combined with other treatments is likely to lead to a paradigm shift in the clinical management of patients. The combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab in the first line will revolutionize the therapeutic management of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
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