The aim of this study was to compare anthropometric measures of obesity and sleep qualities in individuals with/without social jetlag (SJL). In addition, it was aimed to compare the energy, ...macronutrient intake and diet qualities of individuals with/without SJL during school and non-school days. This study comprised 710 university students with mean age 21.58 ± 1.41 years. The presence of SJL was acknowledged if there was a difference of more than 1 hour between the middle of sleep time on school day and on non-school day. While the physical activity levels (PALs) of the individuals were determined with a 24-hour physical activity record, measurements such as waist circumference, neck circumference and body mass index were recorded for anthropometric measurements. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to determine the sleep quality of the individuals. Energy, macronutrients intake, and diet quality were calculated from the 24-h dietary recall of the individuals, and recorded for the school days and non-school days. In this study, 76% of the individuals (n = 542) were determined as exposed to SJL. Although there was no significant difference in their PALs, individuals with SJL had a higher waist (p < .05) and neck (p < .05) circumference, as well as higher body mass index (p < .05). Individuals with SJL were found to have significantly poor sleep quality (OR:1.109, p < .031) and sleep latency (OR:1.130, p < .001) after adjustment for confounding factors. When compared to school days, in the individuals with SJL, energy (p < .001), fat (p < .001), saturated fatty acids (SFA) (p < .001), and mono unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (p < .001) were significantly increased; however, fiber intake (p < .001) was significantly reduced on non-school days. Although there was no significant difference in the diet quality scores between the groups on the school days, the diet quality of the individuals without SJL on non-school days was increased significantly (p < .05). In conclusion, SJL was associated with sleep loss, increased body mass index, and lowered diet quality in university students.
This study aimed to explore the relationship between caffeine use disorder (CUD), caffeine withdrawal symptoms and the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress (DASS) in adults.
The study ...utilised a cross-sectional design to assess the relationships between CUD, caffeine withdrawal symptoms and DASS.
Participants' CUD was evaluated through the Caffeine Use Disorder Questionnaire (CUDQ), while the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) measured DASS levels. Caffeine withdrawal symptoms and total caffeine intake were calculated based on self-reported consumption of caffeine-rich products.
The study involved 618 participants with an average age of 27·8 (sd 7·8) years.
Participants consumed an average of 461·21 (sd 11·09) mg/d of caffeine, showing a positive correlation between CUD and total caffeine intake. The risk of CUD increased alongside levels of DASS. Individuals with caffeine withdrawal symptoms had higher CUDQ and DASS scores. A multiple linear regression model revealed significant associations between total caffeine intake (
< 0·001) and DASS-21 score (
< 0·001) with CUDQ score.
The study concluded that caffeine, while recognised for its potential health benefits, also exhibits properties that may lead to addiction. The development of caffeine use disorder and cessation of caffeine intake can increase DASS levels in adults, indicating the need for awareness and appropriate interventions in public health nutrition.
Acrylamide is a compound that occurs with high temperature during food processing and causes oxidative damage. Recently, the importance of antioxidative components is increasing to prevent oxidative ...damage. Lactoferrin is an antioxidant protein mainly found in milk. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the dose-dependent protective effects of lactoferrin on oxidative damage caused by acrylamide. In this study, HepG2 cell lines were treated with lactoferrin doses (0, 25, 50, 100µM) and half maximal inhibitory concentration of acrylamide. After 24 hours malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase levels were measured. Acrylamide significantly increased malondialdehyde levels in HepG2 cells compared to the control group; however, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductace significantly reduced. On the other hand, added lactoferrin doses (50-100µM) significantly reduced lipid peroxidation levels. Besides, it was found that glutathione reductase, catalase and superoxide dismutase levels significantly increased. As a result, the protective effect of lactoferrin against the oxidative damage caused by acrylamide in HepG2 cells was determined. This effect is thought to be due to the antioxidant capacity of lactoferrin. In this context, it is recommended that more studies are carried out on the mechanism of action of lactoferrin on oxidative stress caused by acrylamide.
Son yıllarda kronik hastalıkların ortaya çıkmasında, kronik
düşük derece inflamasyonun rolü üzerinde durulmaktadır.
Kronik düşük derece inflamasyon, sistemik dolaşım ve
çeşitli dokularda inflamatuvar ...medyatörlerin ve bazı
proinflamatuvar sitokinlerin artışı ile karakterize olan
metabolik bir süreçtir. C reaktif protein (CRP), tümör
nekrozis faktör-α (TNF-α), interlökin-1 (IL-1), interlökin-
4 (IL-4), interlökin-6 (IL-6), toll benzeri reseptör-4 (TLR-
4) kronik düşük derece inflamasyonda rol oynayan bazı
proinflamatuvar moleküllerdir. Güncel çalışmalarda, hazır
ve işlenmiş besinlerin tüketimiyle artan fruktoz ve doymuş
yağ asitleri alımının kronik düşük derece inflamasyon
oluşumunda etkileri olduğu gösterilmektedir. Bu
derlemede, diyetle yüksek fruktoz ve doymuş yağ asitleri
alımının, proinflamatuvar medyatörler aracılığıyla kronik
düşük derece inflamasyon oluşumuna etkisi incelenmiştir.
The aim of this study was to investigate the uncertain effects of high saturated fatty acids (SFAs) or fructose intake on cholesterol and lipoproteins with an insight of proprotein convertase ...subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9)- and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36)-induced mechanisms.
Forty male C57 BL/6 mice (8 wks of age) were divided into four groups and fed ad libitum with standard chow or three isocaloric diets containing high SFAs (SFA group), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA group, vehicle), or fructose for 15 wks. Subsequently, mice were sacrificed and blood, liver, and heart were collected for further analysis.
Consequently, fructose or SFA intake resulted in higher plasma and liver total cholesterol (TC) levels, plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein (Apo)-B levels, TC/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios, and lower plasma levels of HDL-C and Apo-A1 (P < 0.05). Levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 enzymes in liver and CD36 levels in plasma were elevated by high SFAs and fructose intake (P < 0.05), whereas plasma PCSK9 levels were not significantly changed. Fructose and SFA intake increased PCSK9 and CD36 levels in the heart, along with increased CD36 levels in the liver (P < 0.05). Furthermore, plasma LDL-C was found to be positively correlated with liver PCSK9 (r = 0.85, P = 0.02), and CD36 (r = 0.70, P = 0.02) in the SFA and fructose groups.
High intakes of dietary SFAs and fructose might induce dysregulations in the cholesterol synthesis and blood lipoprotein levels via proposed nutrient-sensitive biomarkers PCSK9 and CD36 in liver and extrahepatic tissues involved in cholesterol homeostasis.
•Dietary saturated fatty acid or fructose altered cholesterol and lipoproteins by proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36).•Dietary high saturated fatty acid or fructose decreased non-atherogenic lipoproteins.•PCSK9 and CD36 are interconnected and regulated by dietary pattern.•Nutrient-sensitive biomarkers PCSK9 and CD36 affected cholesterol synthesis and lipoproteins.
Son
yıllarda kronik hastalıkların ortaya çıkmasında, kronik düşük derece
inflamasyonun rolü üzerinde durulmaktadır. Kronik düşük derece inflamasyon,
sistemik dolaşım ve çeşitli dokularda inflamatuvar ...medyatörlerin ve bazı
proinflamatuvar sitokinlerin artışı ile karakterize olan metabolik bir
süreçtir. C reaktif protein (CRP), tümör nekrozis faktör-α (TNF-α),
interlökin-1 (IL-1), interlökin-4 (IL-4), interlökin-6 (IL-6), toll benzeri
reseptör-4 (TLR-4) kronik düşük derece inflamasyonda rol oynayan bazı
proinflamatuvar moleküllerdir. Güncel
çalışmalarda, hazır ve işlenmiş besinlerin tüketimiyle artan fruktoz ve doymuş
yağ asitleri alımının kronik düşük derece inflamasyon oluşumunda etkileri
olduğu gösterilmektedir. Bu derlemede, diyetle yüksek fruktoz ve doymuş yağ
asitleri alımının, proinflamatuvar medyatörler aracılığıyla kronik düşük derece
inflamasyon oluşumuna etkisi incelenmiştir.
In
recent years, the role of chronic low grade inflammation in the emergence of
chronic diseases has been emphasized. Chronic low grade inflammation is a
metabolic process characterized by systemic circulation and increased
inflammatory mediators and some proinflammatory cytokines in various tissues.
C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1
(IL-1), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), toll like receptor-4
(TLR-4) are some proinflammatory molecules that play a role in the chronic low
grade inflammation. Recent studies have shown that fructose and saturated fatty
acids, which are consumed with increased consumption of processed foods in the
current diet, might trigger chronic low
grade inflammation. In this review, the effects of dietary high fructose and
saturated fatty acids on development of chronic low grade inflammation through
some proinflammatory mediators were examined.
This study aimed to compare social jetlag exposure, sleep hygiene, and diet quality in obese and nonobese young adults.
This study was conducted with obese and nonobese young adults. To determine the ...social jetlag, as more than 1h was accepted between the sleep midpoints between school days and holidays. The physical activity levels and sleep parameters were objectively followed for 5 days with an activity tracker on school days and holidays. The sleep hygiene scores were determined by the sleep hygiene index, 3-day 24-hour dietary recall were recorded on both days. The energy and macronutrient intakes during school and holidays were determined by the software, and diet quality scores were determined by Healthy Eating Index-2015(HEI-2015).
This study includes the preliminary results of 70 individuals (22.06 ± 1.76 years) with an equal number of obese and nonobese individuals. While social jetlag was detected in 57.9% of obese individuals; 21.6% in nonobese individuals (p < 0.001). Obese individuals had more inadequate sleep hygiene status (38.47 ± 6.4 vs 24.92 ± 4.66, p < 0.001). While the difference between the sleep midpoints of obese individuals on school days and holidays were 1:27 ± 00:54 minutes; 00:49 ± 00:32 minutes in nonobese individuals (p < 0.001). Obese individuals had a shorter sleep duration on the school day (–0:42 ± 0:15 min, p < 0.001); on holidays, sleep durations were found to be similar (8:31 ± 1:49 vs 8:14 ± 1.05, p > 0.05). Obese individuals had higher energy intake both on holidays and on school days (school day 1649.4 ± 514 vs 1752.9 ± 467 kcal p < 0.05; holiday 1599.2 ± 406 vs 1867.2 kcal, p < 0.05). Obese individuals had higher saturated fat (25.3 ± 11.4 g vs 37.4 ± 12g, p < 0.05) and carbohydrate intake (177.2 ± 8.2 vs 212.2 ± 18.2 g, p < 0.05) on holidays. According to HEI-2015, obese individuals had lower diet quality on school days (63.6 ± 3.3 vs 69.4 ± 1.5 points, p < 0.05) and holidays (56.9 ± 3.4 vs 73.4 ± 1.5 points, p < 0.05).
As a result, decreased social jetlag exposure and increased sleep hygiene in obese individuals also help improving diet quality and thus may help controlling of body weight. It is necessary to conduct longitudinal studies and to identify vulnerable groups in terms of social jetlag exposure.
This study was supported by the TUBITAK 2209-Research Project Support Programme for Undergraduate Students.
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of chronotype on diet and sleep quality in healthy female students.
Design/methodology/approach
This study was conducted in 197 healthy ...female students and were grouped in morning, intermediate and evening types according to the Horne and Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Assessment included sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); physical activity level using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF); dietary intake using the 24-h dietary recall; and diet quality using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015).
Findings
In this study, no significant difference was found between chronotypes in terms of general nutritional habits, age, smoking status, anthropometric measurements and physical activity levels. However, evening-type individuals had poor sleep quality (p = 0.040) and having issues about sleep latency (p = 0.049) and daytime dysfunction (p = 0.044), and they had had lower intake of whole fruit (p = 0.002), total fruit (p = 0.024) and higher consumption of refined grains (p < 0.001). Although, among chronotypes, there is no difference in the intake of protein, saturated fat, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary fiber, evening-type individuals’ daily energy (p = 0.013), fat (p = 0.021) and carbohydrate intake (p = 0.033) were higher.
Originality/value
In conclusion, further research is required to understand the relationship between chronotype, diet and sleep quality. This study is one of the limited studies that examines sleep quality, daily energy and macronutrient intake and diet quality together for healthy women.
The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Caffeine Use Disorder Questionnaire (CUDQ) in an adult population. In this instrument validation study, ...a total of 310 individuals (253 female, 57 males), with a mean age of 25.96 ± 6.29 years were included. The questionnaire consisted of 4 parts, comprising the sociodemographic characteristics, CUDQ, caffeine withdrawal symptoms, and caffeine consumption. For the evaluation of the data, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), descriptive statistics, and the
t
test were used. In the reliability analysis, the Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient was 0.86, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.83 for CUDQ. The CMIN/df was 0.54, and the model generally fits well to the structure (RMSEA = 0.08, CFI = 1, NFI = 1, GFI = 0.99, AGFI = 0.99, TLI = 1, NNFI = 1, RFI = 0.98). The findings suggested that the CUDQ has validity of structure, internal consistency, and construct validity for assessing Caffeine Use Disorder the tendency in the Turkish adult population.
Graphical abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of emotional nutrition on body weight and eating habits in adults. 2461 volunteers between the ages of 18-and 65 (40.7±13.6 years) participated in this ...cross-sectional study (M=677, F=1784). Research data were collected with a face-to-face questionnaire. The participants' nutritional habits and status were evaluated with the three-factor eating questionnaire (TFEQ) and a 24-hour dietary recall form. The “International Physical Activity Assessment Questionnaire - Short Form” was used to determine the physical activity level of individuals. Body mass index was calculated by measuring height and body weight. At the end of the study, it was found that 34.5% of the participants were overweight, and 25.1% were obese. The uncontrolled eating and hunger score were significantly higher, whereas it was low in cognitive restraint in individuals who consumed grains as much or more than recommended (p<0.05). And higher cognitive restraint score was found in those who stated that they consumed the milk and dairy products, vegetable and fruit groups as much or more than recommended and the grains less than recommended (p<0.05). In addition, dietary disinhibition (OR=1.142, 95% CI=1.097-1.189), cognitive restriction (OR=1.076, 95% CI=1.050-1.103) and fasting (OR=1.084, 95% CI=1.033-1.137) scores of TEFQ sub-factors been shown to significantly increase the risk of being overweight/obese (p<0.001). These results show that emotional eating has a significant effect on body weight. For this reason, a multidisciplinary approach is required to evaluate the effect of diet therapy and nutrition on the patient and take into account the patient's emotional state, especially in the treatment and control of obesity.
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