The Brazilian TP53 mutation (R337H) and sarcomas Volc, Sahlua Miguel; Ramos, Cíntia Regina Niederauer; Galvão, Henrique de Campos Reis ...
PloS one,
01/2020, Volume:
15, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Sarcomas represent less than 1% of all solid neoplasms in adults and over 20% in children. Their etiology is unclear, but genetic susceptibility plays an important role in this scenario. Sarcoma is ...central in Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS), a familial predisposition cancer syndrome. In Brazil, the high prevalence of p.Arg337His mutations in the TP53 gene brings about a unique condition: a cluster of LFS. In the present work, we studied 502 sarcoma patients not selected by age or family history in an attempt to assess the impact of the so-called "Brazilian germline TP53 mutation" (p.Arg337His) on this tumor type. We found that 8% of patients are carriers, with leiomyosarcoma being the main histologic type of sarcoma, corresponding to 52.5% of the patients with the mutated TP53 gene. These findings emphasize the importance of genetic counseling and can better guide the management of sarcoma patients.
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone cancer in childhood. OS is an aggressive disease, and metastatic patients evolve with very poor clinical outcomes. Genetically, OSs are extremely ...complex tumors, and the related metastatic process is not well understood in terms of the biology of the disease. In this context, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as an important class of gene expression regulators that play key roles in the invasion and metastasis of several human tumors. Here, we evaluated the expression of HULC, which is an lncRNA that is associated with the tumor metastatic process, and assessed its potential role as a prognostic marker in OS. HULC expression was evaluated in primary OS samples using real-time RT-PCR. HULC expression status was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and its association with survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The HULC expression level was not significantly associated with the clinicopathological characteristics of the OS patients. However, our data demonstrated that higher levels of expression of HULC were associated with lower survival rates in OS patients, both in terms of overall and event-free survival. Elevated HULC expression was associated with poor clinical outcomes among the OS patients, which suggests that HULC could be a potential prognostic biomarker in OS.
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most prevalent type of bone tumor, but slow progress has been achieved in disentangling the full set of genomic events involved in its initiation and progression. We assessed ...by NGS the mutational spectrum of 28 primary OSs from Brazilian patients, and identified 445 potentially deleterious SNVs/indels and 1176 copy number alterations (CNAs).
was the most recurrently mutated gene, with an overall rate of ~60%, considering SNVs/indels and CNAs. The most frequent CNAs (~60%) were gains at 1q21.2q21.3, 6p21.1, and 8q13.3q24.22, and losses at 10q26 and 13q14.3q21.1. Seven cases presented CNA patterns reminiscent of complex events (chromothripsis and chromoanasynthesis). Putative
and
germline variants were found in five samples associated with metastasis at diagnosis along with complex genomic patterns of CNAs.
,
,
, and
alterations were prevalent in metastatic or deceased patients, being potentially indicative of poor prognosis.
, involved in skeletal system development and maintenance, emerged as a candidate for osteosarcomagenesis due to its biological function and a high frequency of copy number gains. A protein-protein network enrichment highlighted biological pathways involved in immunity and bone development. Our findings reinforced the high genomic OS instability and heterogeneity, and led to the identification of novel disrupted genes deserving further evaluation as biomarkers due to their association with poor outcomes.
DNA methylation may be involved in the development of osteosarcomas. Osteosarcomas commonly arise during the bone growth and remodeling in puberty, making it plausible to infer the involvement of ...epigenetic alterations in their development. As a highly studied epigenetic mechanism, we investigated DNA methylation and related genetic variants in 28 primary osteosarcomas aiming to identify deregulated driver alterations. Methylation and genomic data were obtained using the Illumina HM450K beadchips and the TruSight One sequencing panel, respectively. Aberrant DNA methylation was spread throughout the osteosarcomas genomes. We identified 3146 differentially methylated CpGs comparing osteosarcomas and bone tissue samples, with high methylation heterogeneity, global hypomethylation and focal hypermethylation at CpG islands. Differentially methylated regions (DMR) were detected in 585
loci
(319 hypomethylated and 266 hypermethylated), mapped to the promoter regions of 350 genes. These DMR genes were enriched for biological processes related to skeletal system morphogenesis, proliferation, inflammatory response, and signal transduction. Both methylation and expression data were validated in independent groups of cases. Six tumor suppressor genes harbored deletions or promoter hypermethylation (
DLEC1, GJB2, HIC1, MIR149, PAX6,
and
WNT5A
), and four oncogenes presented gains or hypomethylation (
ASPSCR1
,
NOTCH4, PRDM16
, and
RUNX3
). Our analysis also revealed hypomethylation at 6p22, a region that contains several histone genes. Copy-number changes in
DNMT3B
(gain) and
TET1
(loss), as well as overexpression of
DNMT3B
in osteosarcomas provide a possible explanation for the observed phenotype of CpG island hypermethylation. While the detected open-sea hypomethylation likely contributes to the well-known osteosarcoma genomic instability, enriched CpG island hypermethylation suggests an underlying mechanism possibly driven by overexpression of
DNMT3B
likely resulting in silencing of tumor suppressors and DNA repair genes.
Study the clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with Ewing family tumors (EFTs) and survival analysis based on risk criteria and expression of the surface protein known as insulin-like ...growth factor (IGFR).
This was a retrospective cohort study based on clinical data from 77 patients diagnosed with EFTs treated by the Department of Pediatric Oncology at the Barretos Cancer Hospital in a period between 2003 and 2012. Biological samples of patients were examined for the presence of the surface receptor IGFR.
The overall survival rate (OSR) of patients included in the study was 45% at five years, and EFS was 30% at five years. Metastasis at diagnosis was present in 44.2% of the sample; 88.2% of the sample was male (p<0.001). The evaluation of the expression of IGFR in biological samples of patients was associated with the variable metastasis at diagnosis (p<0.001). Worse prognosis was observed in patients with extrapulmonary metastasis (p=0.009). The local treatment of neoplasia presented better prognosis in patients undergoing local surgical treatment (p<0.001).
These results showed a higher incidence of metastasis at diagnosis in patients with EFTs treated at the Barretos Cancer Hospital (BCH). Extrapulmonary metastases were a negative prognostic factor in this study. Surgical treatment of the primary tumor was a factor for better prognosis. Strong expression of IGFR was more frequent in patients with metastases at diagnosis, but did not represent a prognostic factor for EFTs.
Estudar as características clínicas dos pacientes com diagnóstico de tumores dafamília Ewing (TFEs) e analisar a sobrevida baseada em critérios de risco e expressão da proteína de superfície conhecida como fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina (IGFR).
Estudo de coorte retrospectivo, com base em dados clínicos de 77 pacientes com diagnóstico de TFEs tratados pelo Departamento de Oncologia Pediátrica do Hospital de Câncer de Barretos no período entre 2003 e 2012. Amostras biológicas de pacientes foram examinadas quanto à presença do receptor de superfície IGFR.
Em cinco anos, a taxa de sobrevida global (SG) dos pacientes incluídos no estudo foi de 45% e a taxa de sobrevida livre de eventos (SLE) foi de 30%. Metástases no momento do diagnóstico foram observadas em 44,2% da amostra; sendo que desses, 88,2% eram do sexo masculino (p<0,001). A avaliação da expressão de IGFR nas amostras biológicas dos pacientes apresentou associação com a variável metástase ao diagnóstico (p<0,001). Pacientes com metástase extrapulmonar apresentaram pior prognóstico (p=0,009). A modalidade de tratamento local da neoplasia apresentou melhor prognóstico em pacientes submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico local (p<0,001).
Os resultados evidenciaram uma maior incidência de metástase ao diagnóstico nos pacientes com diagnóstico de TFEs tratados no Hospital de Câncer de Barretos. A metástase de localização extrapulmonar foi fator de pior prognóstico no estudo. O tratamento cirúrgico do tumor primário foi fator de melhor prognóstico. A expressão forte de IGFR esteve mais presente nos pacientes com metástase ao diagnóstico, porém não se mostrou como fator prognóstico nos TFEs.
Pediatric osteosarcoma outcomes have improved over the last decades; however, patients who do not achieve a full resection of the tumor, even after aggressive chemotherapy, have the worst prognosis. ...At a genetic level, osteosarcoma presents many alterations, but there is scarce information on alterations at metabolomic levels. Therefore, an untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance metabonomic approach was used to reveal blood serum alterations, when samples were taken from 21 patients with osteosarcoma aged from 12–20 (18, 86%) to 43 (3, 14%) years before any anticancer therapy were collected. The results showed that metabolites differed greatly between osteosarcoma and healthy control serum samples, especially in lipids, aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine and tyrosine), and histidine concentrations. Besides, most of the loading plots point to protons of the fatty acyls (-CH
3
and -CH
2
-) from very-low- and low-density lipoproteins and cholesterol, as crucial metabolites for discrimination of the patients with osteosarcoma from the healthy samples. The relevance of blood lipids in osteosarcoma was highlighted when analyzed together with the somatic mutations disclosed in tumor samples from the same cohort of patients, where six genes linked to the cholesterol metabolism were found being altered too. The high consistency of the discrimination between osteosarcoma and healthy control blood serum suggests that nuclear magnetic resonance could be successfully applied for osteosarcoma diagnostic and prognostic purposes, which could ameliorate the clinical efficacy of therapy.
Cancer is a complex disease that can also affect the younger population; however, it is responsible for a relatively high mortality rate of children and youth, especially in low- and middle-income ...countries (LMICs). Besides that, lipidomic studies in this age range are scarce. Therefore, we analyzed blood serum samples from young patients (12 to 35 years) with bone sarcoma (osteosarcoma) and compared their lipidomics to the ones from the control group of samples, named healthy control (HC group), using NMR and LC-MS techniques. Furthermore, differences in the lipidomic profiles between OS patients with and without metastasis indicate higher glycerophosphocholine (GPC) and glycerophospholipid (GPL) levels in osteosarcoma and increased cholesterol, choline, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and glycerols during the metastasis. These differences, detected in the peripheral blood, could be used as biomarkers for liquid biopsy.
Background
Robatumumab (19D12; MK‐7454 otherwise known as SCH717454) is a fully human antibody that binds to and inhibits insulin‐like growth factor receptor‐1 (IGF‐1R). This multiinstitutional study ...(P04720) determined the safety and clinical efficacy of robatumumab in three separate patient groups with resectable osteosarcoma metastases (Group 1), unresectable osteosarcoma metastases (Group 2), and Ewing sarcoma metastases (Group 3).
Procedure
Robatumumab infusions were administered every 2 weeks and were well tolerated with minimal toxicity. Centrally reviewed response data were available for 144 patients.
Results
Low disease burden was important for osteosarcoma response: three of 31 patients had complete response or partial response (PR) by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) in resectable patients (Group 1) versus zero of 29 in unresectable patients (Group 2); median overall survival was 20 months in Group 1 versus 8.2 months in Group 2. In centrally reviewed patients with Ewing sarcoma with PET‐CT data (N = 84/115), there were six PR, 23 stable disease, and 55 progression of disease by RECIST at 2 months. Patients with Ewing sarcoma had a median overall survival of 6.9 months. However, responding patients with Ewing sarcoma were allowed to continue on treatment after study closure. A minority of patients with metastatic Ewing sarcoma showed clinical responses and have remained healthy after receiving 25–115 doses of robatumumab with remissions of >4 years duration (N = 6).
Conclusions
These findings show that although the IGF‐1R remains an attractive treatment target, additional research is needed to identify responders and/or means to achieve durable remissions in order to successfully exploit IGF‐1R signal blockade in Ewing sarcoma (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00617890).
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