Purpose
The purpose of this research is to provide a critical discussion illustrating how novel business models can be developed using advanced information technology (IT) to overcome the effects of ...the labor shortage crisis and bring the industry back to the pre-pandemic performance benchmarks.
Design/methodology/approach
The methodology of this research is based on a thorough literature review of academic and trade publications, guided by an analytic approach that comprehensively discusses the multiple facets of digitizing the human-intensive legacy hospitality business models.
Findings
While broad in terms of multiple metrics, the hospitality industry has demonstrated an ability to incorporate IT-based business models within its legacy processes. The current hospitality context, corroborated with the lingering effects of the pandemic, requires the hospitality industry to address two important issues: chronic shortage of staff and unpredictable levels of performance of existing staff.
Originality/value
This research discusses a human–resource crisis from an IT point of view and articulates several IT-based strategic solutions that should help hospitality organizations mitigate the effects of this crisis.
As peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodations have grown exponentially, it is critical to understand motivations for guests to choose a P2P accommodation instead of a hotel. The current study seeks to ...understand these motivations by using mixed-methods approach to compare online reviews for P2P accommodations and hotels. Through quantitative analysis, thematic analysis, and text mining, this study provides analysis of 800 reviews from New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, and Houston. The results consistently show that guests in P2P emphasize relationships with hosts, whilst hotel guests place more values on room attributes.
► The evolution of the networks of FedEx Express and UPS Airlines is examined. ► The carriers’ hubs are evaluated with respect to factors such as market centrality. ► Graph theory measures are ...applied to network concentration and nodal accessibility. ► The future development of the carriers’ networks is discussed.
Despite their importance to the US economy and their rapidly increasing internationalization, relatively little has been published on the geography of Federal Express and United Parcel Service. This article assesses the evolution of the two firms’ airline networks. Their hubs in the US and abroad are analyzed with attention given to location factors such as market centrality and intermediacy, supporting ground transportation networks, and competing and complementary airline networks. Their overall networks are compared with each other and with the networks of American Airlines and Southwest Airlines using several graph theory measures. FedEx and UPS are found to operate networks with a very high concentration of activity at their principal hubs (Memphis and Louisville, respectively), despite the proliferation of hubs and spokes in recent years. Finally, the future outlook for the two package express firms is examined. Key influences on their future spatial elaboration include aircraft technology and the uneven landscape of airline industry liberalization.
Although generally curable with intensive chemotherapy in resource-rich settings, Burkitt lymphoma (BL) remains a deadly disease in older patients and in sub-Saharan Africa. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) ...positivity is a feature in more than 90% of cases in malaria-endemic regions, and up to 30% elsewhere. However, the molecular features of BL have not been comprehensively evaluated when taking into account tumor EBV status or geographic origin. Through an integrative analysis of whole-genome and transcriptome data, we show a striking genome-wide increase in aberrant somatic hypermutation in EBV-positive tumors, supporting a link between EBV and activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AICDA) activity. In addition to identifying novel candidate BL genes such as SIN3A, USP7, and CHD8, we demonstrate that EBV-positive tumors had significantly fewer driver mutations, especially among genes with roles in apoptosis. We also found immunoglobulin variable region genes that were disproportionally used to encode clonal B-cell receptors (BCRs) in the tumors. These include IGHV4-34, known to produce autoreactive antibodies, and IGKV3-20, a feature described in other B-cell malignancies but not yet in BL. Our results suggest that tumor EBV status defines a specific BL phenotype irrespective of geographic origin, with particular molecular properties and distinct pathogenic mechanisms. The novel mutation patterns identified here imply rational use of DNA-damaging chemotherapy in some patients with BL and targeted agents such as the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib in others, whereas the importance of BCR signaling in BL strengthens the potential benefit of inhibitors for PI3K, Syk, and Src family kinases among these patients.
•Tumor EBV status is more strongly associated with distinct genetic and etiological mechanisms than geographic origin.•EBV-positive BL genomes feature fewer driver mutations despite their greater mutational load that is partly a result of increased AICDA activity.
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Like the railroad and the automobile, the airliner has changed the very geography of the societies it serves. Fundamentally, air transportation has helped redefine the scale of human geography by ...dramatically reducing the cost of distance, both in terms of time and money. The result is what the author terms the ‘airborne world’, meaning all those places dependent upon and transformed by relatively inexpensive air transportation.
The Economic Geography of Air Transportation answers three key questions: how did air transportation develop in the century after the Wright Brothers, what does it mean to live in an airborne world, and what is the future of aviation in this century? Examples are drawn from throughout the world. In particular, ample consideration is given to the situation in developing countries, where air transportation is growing rapidly and where, to a considerable degree, the future of the airborne world will be determined.
The book weaves together the technological development of aviation, the competition among aircraft manufacturers and their stables of airliners, the deregulation and privatization of the airline industry, the articulation of air passenger and air cargo services in everyday life, and the challenges and controversies surrounding airports. It will be of particular interest to students and researchers in air transport history, the geography of the airline industry, air transport technological development, competition in the commercial aircraft industry, airport development, geography and economics. It will also be useful to professionals working in the airline, airport, and aircraft manufacturing industries.
Introduction, Part 1: Getting Airborne: The Development of the Airliner and Commerical Air Transportation, Chapter 1: From Kitty Hawk to Idlewild: The Geography of Early Commercial Aviation, Chapter 2: Jetting Towards a Smaller World, Chapter 3: Far and Wide: Wide-body Jetliners and the Ascent of the Global Airline Industry, Chapter 4: Space-Makers and Pace-Setters: Boeing and Airbus, Part 2: Open Skies and Crowded Airports, Chapter 5: Letting Go: The Liberalization of the Airline Industry, Chapter 6: Survival of the Fittest: Network Carriers in the Global Airline Industry, Chapter 7: A World Taking Wing: Low Cost Carriers and the Ascent of the Many, Part 3: Life Aloft and on the Ground in the Airborne World, Chapter 8: People on the Move in a Smaller World, Chapter 9: The High Ways of Trade, Chapter 10: Points of Departure: Airports in the Airborne World, Part 4: Towards the Horizon, Chapter 11: Fear of Flying: The Broader Costs of the Airborne World, Chapter 12: Coming Back Down to Earth? The Cloudy Future of Air Transportation
John T. Bowen is currently Assistant Professor in the Department of Geography at Central Washington University, USA.
Since the late 1990s, almost no world region has experienced faster air traffic growth than Southeast Asia. Much of that growth is attributable to new low-cost carriers (LCCs), which collectively ...accounted for nearly half of scheduled airline capacity on routes from Southeast Asian cities in 2013. Yet despite the expansion of traffic and the proliferation of carriers, airline traffic remains strongly concentrated in the key hubs of Bangkok, Singapore, Jakarta, Kuala Lumpur, Ho Chi Minh City, and Manila. Similarly, trunk routes, defined as sectors with more than 0.01 percent of global airline capacity, continue to account for 54 percent of all seat capacity in the region. LCCs have helped to perpetuate these imbalances as budget airlines like AirAsia have disproportionately favored already well-served markets. Such patterns are important because aviation plays an outsized role in Southeast Asian intercity transportation and in its economic development. The analyses reported here indicate that while the growth of aviation since the late 1990s has been impressive, that growth so far has not done much to improve Southeast Asia's entrenched patterns of spatial inequality.
•Recently, Southeast Asia has been among world's growing fastest airline markets.•Low-cost carriers (LCCs) are more important in Southeast Asia than in other world regions.•Airline capacity is strongly concentrated in the region's main hubs and on trunk routes.•LCCs in Southeast Asia have favored well-established routes and markets.
Purpose
The research purpose is to conceptualize competitive productivity (CP) in the peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation businesses. This study aims to conceptualize the four driving forces of P2P ...hosts’ CP and to empirically capture guest-based equity that supports such conceptual hosts’ CP model.
Design/methodology/approach
The goal of this paper is to apply Bauman’s Firm competitive productivity (FCP) model to the P2P accommodation business to conceptualize the CP of micro-entrepreneurial hosts. Four areas of the FCP model were reviewed to find how each of them contributes to the P2P hosts’ CP maximization.
Findings
Host talent, host resource management, value and host branding were conceptualized as key drivers of P2P hosts’ CP. The study also filled a gap in current literature by empirically analyzing online reviews to successfully capture key guest-based equity as satisfiers contributing to host talent, resource and branding.
Practical implications
Based on the hosts’ CP model, customer-generated resources play a significant role in the managerial implications, so that guest reviews with needs and wants and ratings can be empirically used to strengthen hosts’ CP under specific market circumstances.
Originality/value
This study is the first attempt to conceptualize a P2P host as a micro-entrepreneurial firm in the sharing economy platform for CP. This study looked at how the unique characteristics of the P2P accommodation industry and guest-based equity affect the P2P hosts’ CP.
Purpose
As scholarly research in online purchasing increases in size and scope, understanding the manner in which consumers engage during online purchasing in hotels is critical. The purpose of this ...study is to provide an analysis of the current online purchasing research pertaining to the hotel industry.
Design/methodology/approach
A content analysis was conducted of 85 peer-reviewed articles published between 2006 and 2016 in hospitality and tourism journals to uncover the most critical aspects of online purchasing in hotels. Keyword searches and specific search parameters (e.g. literature time frame and locus of search) guided the review of the articles selected for the analysis.
Findings
This study recognizes that the discrete transaction per se represents the focal element in the hospitality scholarly research in online purchasing. It also recognizes the importance of the overall encompassing hospitality experience in creating and appropriating value for all stakeholders. Finally, the review found a strong orientation toward self-reported survey data as indicative of online transactions and the steps that precede them online.
Research limitations/implications
The study recognizes the present focus on discrete transactions and recommends expanding the focus to tap into more comprehensive purchasing processes that are mediated by technology.
Practical implications
The analysis presented here offers practitioners insight into the value chain member and consumer behaviors that could be feasibly converted into actionable managerial practices.
Originality/value
In contrast to the reviews discussing online purchasing, this study provides a unique broad analytical perspective on the relationships among buyers, sellers, products, retail interfaces and consumer decision processes that characterize the hotel online purchasing environment, as reflected in the past 10 years of hospitality and tourism literature.
This study explores customers’ perceptions and underlying factors related to luxury consumption in restaurants. Although many studies have explored customers’ consumption of luxury goods, very few of ...these studies involved luxury hospitality services. Furthermore, hospitality literature has rarely discussed the emerging identification of inconspicuous consumption in luxury. By applying topic modeling to analyze online customer reviews, the current study identifies the essential elements of visiting luxury restaurants. Moreover, it elicits the asymmetric role of the identified factors in accelerating overall customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction through impact-asymmetry analysis, which adopts the three-factor theory. Findings suggest that many inconspicuous factors exist in luxury consumption and that the mechanisms that affect satisfaction differ among a satisfier, a dissatisfier, and a hybrid. The acknowledgment of the asymmetric effects will help practitioners in luxury restaurants enhance their understandings of customer perceptions and efficiently improve service management and marketing.
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