Background
Early and delayed behavioral changes are well recognized after anesthesia. Intravenous anesthesia may prevent emergence delirium. However, it has not been evaluated as a preventive ...strategy for delayed postoperative behavior changes.
Aims
We aimed to determine whether intravenous anesthesia is effective at reducing postoperative behavior changes in children undergoing ambulatory endoscopic procedures when compared to inhalation anesthesia.
Methods
This randomized, double‐blinded controlled trial was approved by the local IRB. Children aged 1–12 years who underwent ambulatory endoscopic procedures were recruited. Preoperative anxiety was evaluated through the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale. All children underwent face mask inhalation induction with sevoflurane. After a peripheral line was placed, each child was allocated to sevoflurane or propofol maintenance. Emergence delirium was evaluated through the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale. The child was discharged home, and behavioral changes were assessed through the Posthospitalization Behavior Questionnaire for Ambulatory Surgery on Days 1, 7, and 14.
Results
Overall, 175 children were enrolled. On Day 1 after the procedure, 57 children presented at least one negative behavior. On Days 7 and 14, 49 and 44 children presented at least one negative behavior, respectively. The median number of negative behaviors was similar between the groups. Post hoc analyses showed a moderate correlation between emergence delirium and negative postoperative behavior on Day 7 (r = .34; p = <.001) and an increase of 3.31 (95% CI 1.90; 4.36 p < .001) points in the mean summed score of new negative behaviors for individuals with emergence delirium.
Conclusion
The incidence of postoperative behavior changes in children undergoing ambulatory endoscopic procedures was similar when comparing intravenous with inhalation anesthesia. Children who experience emergence delirium might show a greater incidence of negative postoperative behavior changes.
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases (PTPs) are enzymes that catalyze phosphotyrosine dephosphorylation and modulate cell differentiation, growth and metabolism. In mammals, PTPs play a key role in the ...modulation of canonical pathways involved in metabolism and immunity. PTP1B is the prototype member of classical PTPs and a major target for treating human diseases, such as cancer, obesity and diabetes. These signaling enzymes are, hence, targets of a wide array of inhibitors. Anautogenous mosquitoes rely on blood meals to lay eggs and are vectors of the most prevalent human diseases. Identifying the mosquito ortholog of PTP1B and determining its involvement in egg production is, therefore, important in the search for a novel and crucial target for vector control.
We conducted an analysis to identify the ortholog of mammalian PTP1B in the Aedes aegypti genome. We identified eight genes coding for classical PTPs. In silico structural and functional analyses of proteins coded by such genes revealed that four of these code for catalytically active enzymes. Among the four genes coding for active PTPs, AAEL001919 exhibits the greatest degree of homology with the mammalian PTP1B. Next, we evaluated the role of this enzyme in egg formation. Blood feeding largely affects AAEL001919 expression, especially in the fat body and ovaries. These tissues are critically involved in the synthesis and storage of vitellogenin, the major yolk protein. Including the classical PTP inhibitor sodium orthovanadate or the PTP substrate DiFMUP in the blood meal decreased vitellogenin synthesis and egg production. Similarly, silencing AAEL001919 using RNA interference (RNAi) assays resulted in 30% suppression of egg production.
The data reported herein implicate, for the first time, a gene that codes for a classical PTP in mosquito egg formation. These findings raise the possibility that this class of enzymes may be used as novel targets to block egg formation in mosquitoes.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the extraction socket (distal or lingual root) and the type of region of interest (ROI) definition (manual or predefined) on the ...assessment of alveolar repair following tooth extraction using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The software package used for scanning, reconstruction, reorientation, and analysis of images (NRecon
®
, DataViewer
®
, CT-Analyzer
®
) was acquired through Bruker <
https://www.bruker.com
> . The sample comprised the micro-CT volumes of seven Wistar rat mandibles, in which the right first molar was extracted. The reconstructed images were analyzed using the extraction sockets, i.e., the distal and intermediate lingual root and the method of ROI definition: manual (MA), central round (CR), and peripheral round (PR). The bone volume fraction (BV/TV) values obtained were analyzed by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test (α = 5%). The distal extraction socket resulted in significantly lower BV/TV values than the intermediate lingual socket for MA (
P
= 0.001), CR (
P
< 0.001), and PR (
P
< 0.001). Regarding the ROI, when evaluating the distal extraction socket, the BV/TV was significantly higher (
P
< 0.001) for MA than for CR and PR, with a lower BV/TV for CR. However, no significant difference was observed for MA (
P
= 0.855), CR (
P
= 0.769), or PR (
P
= 0.453) in the intermediate lingual extraction socket. The bone neoformation outcome (BV/TV) for alveolar bone repair after tooth extraction is significantly influenced by the ROI and the extraction socket. Using the predefined method with a standardized ROI in the central region of the distal extraction socket resulted in the assessment of bone volume, demonstrating the most critical region of the bone neoformation process.
Numerous studies have focused on inflammation-related markers to understand COVID-19. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) protein-specific IgA, total ...IgG and IgG subclass response in COVID-19 patients and compared this to their disease outcome. We observed that the SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits a robust IgA and IgG response against the N-terminal (N1) and C-terminal (N3) region of the N protein, whereas we failed to detect IgA antibodies and observed a weak IgG response against the disordered linker region (N2) in COVID-19 patients. N and S protein-specific IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 response was significantly elevated in hospitalized patients with severe disease compared to outpatients with non-severe disease. IgA and total IgG antibody reactivity gradually increased after the first week of symptoms. Magnitude of RBD-ACE2 blocking antibodies identified in a competitive assay and neutralizing antibodies detected by PRNT assay correlated with disease severity. Generally, the IgA and total IgG response between the discharged and deceased COVID-19 patients was similar. However, significant differences in the ratio of IgG subclass antibodies were observed between discharged and deceased patients, especially towards the disordered linker region of the N protein. Overall, SARS-CoV-2 infection is linked to an elevated blood antibody response in severe patients compared to non-severe patients. Monitoring of antigen-specific serological response could be an important tool to accompany disease progression and improve outcomes.
Procedimentos cirúrgicos: aspectos epidemiológicos De Albuquerque, Áurea Amélia Coutinho Nogueira; Cardoso, Bruna Portela Andrade; Godinho, Elis Miranda Mau ...
Brazilian Journal of Development,
09/2023, Volume:
9, Issue:
9
Journal Article
Os aspectos epidemiológicos dos procedimentos cirúrgicos mostram as dimensões relativas ao comportamento e à evolução de problemas de saúde coletiva, com destaque para sua incidência, distribuição, e ...possível controle dos determinantes das próprias doenças e de seus fatores. Os aspectos epidemiológicos vêm buscando compreender melhor as doenças, suas características e seu comportamentos, no que se refere aos seus determinantes biológicos, sociais e ambientais. Dessa forma, a presente revisão sistemática teve como objetivo: mostrar os aspectos epidemiológicos dos procedimentos cirúrgicos. Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados Google acadêmico, Lilacs e Scientific Eletronic Online (Scielo), no qual os descritores foram: Saúde, Epidemiologia, Fatores de risco, 12 artigos foram utilizados neste estudo. Os resultados da revisão sistemática evidenciam que a frequente pressão da sociedade e da mídia em relação à aparência de seus corpos, faz com que cada vez mais indivíduos optem pelas cirurgias plásticas que algumas vezes não tem o resultado esperado, gerando mais impactos psicológicos aos pacientes.
A proposta desse estudo foi otimizar o processo extração do amido do resíduo de junça (TNF) (cyperus esculentus) por meio de um planejamento experimental fracionário seguido de um delineamento ...composto central rotacional (DCCR). As variáveis independentes definidas foram: Concentração de bissulfito de sódio (Y1), Tempo de saturação (Y2), Tempo de mistura (Y3) e temperatura de saturação (Y4). A variável resposta foi o rendimento em amido. No planejamento fatorial fracionário (24-1) todas as variáveis independentes foram estatisticamente significativas (p < 0,05), sendo incluídas em sua totalidade no delineamento composto central rotacional (DCCR). As melhores condições ocorreram em: 0,21% de bissulfito de sódio, 41 minutos de tempo de mistura, 15 horas de tempo de saturação e temperatura de 25°C. Nessas condições a extração apresentou um rendimento de 34,5%, com 2,40% de proteína, 5,21% de lipídio, 0,15% de cinzas e 92,2 % de amido.
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